{"version":"4.4","softwareAuthor":"R Jimenez","sourceEdition":"2026","completeCode":false,"entries":[{"title":"Battery","citation":"F.S. 784.03(1)","section":"784.03(1)","categories":["Battery \u0026 injury"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor (base)","summary":"An intentional unwanted touch or strike, or intentionally causing bodily harm.","plainEnglish":"Deliberately hitting, pushing or touching someone against their will can be battery. A bruise or other visible injury is not required for the unwanted-contact alternative.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ANY","label":"Battery — establish one route","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Actually and intentionally touch or strike another person."},{"text":"The contact is against that person’s will."}]},{"text":"Intentionally cause bodily harm to another person."}]},"requirements":"Either intentional contact against the person\u0027s will OR intentional bodily injury.","notes":"Visible injury is not required for the unwanted-contact alternative. Check enhancements and defenses.","keywords":"hit punch punched slap slapped push shoved kick kicked person someone fight beat","searchPhrases":"hit a person;punched someone;slapped someone;spit on someone;unwanted touching;physical fight;simple battery;spitting;biting;scratched someone;bit someone;bit arm;biting someone;spit face;spat face;punched face;slapped face;shoved person","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.03","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.03.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Domestic battery","citation":"F.S. 784.03(1)","section":"784.03(1)","categories":["Domestic related"],"grade":"Battery base grade; check enhancements","summary":"Battery involving a qualifying family or household relationship.","plainEnglish":"This is battery involving a relationship covered by Florida’s domestic-violence definition. Being boyfriend and girlfriend alone does not always establish that relationship; living history and shared children can matter.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"Battery AND a qualifying domestic relationship","items":[{"operator":"ANY","label":"Battery — establish one route","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Actually and intentionally touch or strike another person."},{"text":"The contact is against that person’s will."}]},{"text":"Intentionally cause bodily harm to another person."}]},{"operator":"ANY","label":"Qualifying domestic relationship — F.S. 741.28","items":[{"text":"The parties are parents of a child in common, whether or not they have lived together."},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Spouses or former spouses."},{"text":"Related by blood or marriage."},{"text":"Currently or formerly residing together as a family."}]},{"text":"Currently or previously lived together in the same single dwelling unit."}]}]}]},"requirements":"Battery elements above, plus assess domestic-violence status under 741.28.","notes":"Domestic battery is a battery offense with a domestic designation. Dating alone does not necessarily meet 741.28. Open the relationship definition entry.","keywords":"hit wife husband girlfriend boyfriend spouse partner slap push domestic dv","searchPhrases":"hit wife;hit husband;hit girlfriend;punched boyfriend;slapped partner;domestic battery;dv battery;domestic violence battery;punched wife;punched husband;punched girlfriend;punched partner;shoved wife;shoved husband;slapped spouse;battery spouse;hit spouse;hit domestic partner;hit ex wife","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.03","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.03.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Repeat battery","citation":"F.S. 784.03(2)","section":"784.03(2)","categories":["Battery \u0026 injury"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"A subsequent battery with a qualifying prior conviction.","plainEnglish":"A new battery can carry a felony grade when the person has a qualifying prior conviction. Repeated punches in one event do not by themselves establish the prior-conviction requirement.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ANY","label":"Battery — establish one route","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Actually and intentionally touch or strike another person."},{"text":"The contact is against that person’s will."}]},{"text":"Intentionally cause bodily harm to another person."}]},{"text":"At least one qualifying prior conviction under 784.03(2), including its statutory definition of conviction."}]},"requirements":"Current battery plus a prior conviction for battery, aggravated battery, felony battery, or resisting an officer with violence under 843.01.","notes":"Statutory conviction includes a finding of guilt after plea or trial, including withheld adjudication or a no-contest plea. Verify the record.","keywords":"hit punch prior convicted repeat second battery","searchPhrases":"battery prior conviction;previous battery conviction;second battery conviction","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.03","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.03.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Felony battery","citation":"F.S. 784.041(1)","section":"784.041(1)","categories":["Battery \u0026 injury"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Intentional unwanted contact that results in serious injury.","plainEnglish":"An intentional unwanted touch or strike that causes the listed serious, lasting harm can qualify. Document the actual injury and compare the different aggravated-battery alternatives.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Actually and intentionally touch or strike another person against their will."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Cause great bodily harm."},{"text":"Cause permanent disability."},{"text":"Cause permanent disfigurement."}]}]},"requirements":"Intentional touching or striking against the person\u0027s will AND great bodily harm, permanent disability, or permanent disfigurement.","notes":"Compare aggravated battery\u0027s mental-state and weapon alternatives.","keywords":"hit punch broken injury permanent serious","searchPhrases":"battery permanent injury;battery permanent disfigurement;unwanted strike serious injury","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.041","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.041.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Domestic battery by strangulation","citation":"F.S. 784.041(2)","section":"784.041(2)","categories":["Domestic related"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Strangulation involving a qualifying household member or dating partner.","plainEnglish":"Intentionally squeezing a qualifying partner’s neck or blocking the nose or mouth can qualify when it obstructs breathing or circulation and creates the required serious-harm risk. Visible neck marks are not the whole inquiry.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Knowingly and intentionally act against the other person’s will."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Apply pressure to the throat or neck."},{"text":"Block the nose or mouth."}]},{"text":"Impede normal breathing or blood circulation."},{"text":"Create a risk of, or cause, great bodily harm."}]},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Qualifying family or household member under 741.28."},{"text":"Qualifying continuing, significant romantic or intimate dating relationship under 784.041(2)."}]}]},"requirements":"Knowingly and intentionally, against the person\u0027s will, obstruct breathing or blood flow through neck/throat pressure or blocking nose/mouth; create a risk of or cause great bodily harm; qualifying relationship.","notes":"Dating means a continuing, significant romantic or intimate relationship. Authorized medical acts are excluded. See 741.28 for household status.","keywords":"choke choked choking strangled strangle strangulation girlfriend boyfriend wife husband neck suffocate","searchPhrases":"choked girlfriend;choking boyfriend;strangled wife;strangled husband;domestic strangulation;dv strangulation;partner cannot breathe;choked partner;grabbed wife throat;squeezed wife throat;grabbed girlfriend neck;covered girlfriend mouth;blocked partner breathing;hands around partners neck","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.041","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.041.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Battery by strangulation","citation":"F.S. 784.031","section":"784.031","categories":["Battery \u0026 injury"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Strangulation can qualify without a domestic relationship.","plainEnglish":"The strangulation offense can apply between people who have no domestic relationship. The breathing or blood-flow obstruction and required risk or harm still have to be established.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Knowingly and intentionally act against the other person’s will."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Apply pressure to the throat or neck."},{"text":"Block the nose or mouth."}]},{"text":"Impede normal breathing or blood circulation."},{"text":"Create a risk of, or cause, great bodily harm."}]},"requirements":"Knowingly and intentionally obstruct another\u0027s breathing or blood flow against their will, using neck/throat pressure or nose/mouth blockage, creating a risk of or causing great bodily harm.","notes":"Authorized medical diagnosis, treatment, or prescription is excluded. Compare 784.041(2) for qualifying relationships.","keywords":"choke choked choking strangled strangle strangulation neck suffocate","searchPhrases":"choked someone;hands around neck;blocked breathing;cannot breathe;strangulation;choking;squeezed neck;grabbed throat;blocked nose mouth;obstructed breathing;chokehold;stranger neck squeezed","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.031","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.031.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Aggravated battery","citation":"F.S. 784.045","section":"784.045","categories":["Battery \u0026 injury"],"grade":"Second-degree felony","summary":"Battery with a serious-injury, deadly-weapon, or pregnancy circumstance.","plainEnglish":"Battery can become aggravated through the listed serious injury, deadly weapon or pregnancy circumstances. Identify which circumstance applies rather than assuming every injury makes a battery aggravated.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"Battery AND at least one qualifying aggravating circumstance","items":[{"operator":"ANY","label":"Battery — establish one route","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Actually and intentionally touch or strike another person."},{"text":"The contact is against that person’s will."}]},{"text":"Intentionally cause bodily harm to another person."}]},{"operator":"ANY","label":"Qualifying aggravating circumstance","items":[{"text":"In committing the battery, intentionally or knowingly cause great bodily harm, permanent disability or permanent disfigurement."},{"text":"In committing the battery, use a deadly weapon."},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"The victim was pregnant at the time."},{"text":"The offender knew or should have known of the pregnancy."}]}]}]},"requirements":"Battery AND either: knowingly/intentionally causing great bodily harm, permanent disability or disfigurement; using a deadly weapon; OR a pregnant victim whose pregnancy the offender knew or should have known.","notes":"Confirm the facts for the applicable alternative and any defenses or reclassification.","keywords":"hit punch stab stabbed knife gun weapon pregnant broken severe injury","searchPhrases":"stabbed someone;hit with knife;hit with gun;shot someone;battery pregnant;serious injury battery;hit with bat;broken jaw;stabbed knife;stabbed victim;knife wound;shot victim;hit hammer;struck baseball bat","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.045","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.045.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Assault","citation":"F.S. 784.011","section":"784.011","categories":["Threats \u0026 assault"],"grade":"Second-degree misdemeanor (base)","summary":"An unlawful threat that creates a well-founded fear of immediate violence.","plainEnglish":"A threat can be assault when the person appears able to carry it out and makes the other person reasonably fear immediate violence. An angry statement about some distant future event is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"An intentional, unlawful threat by word or act to do violence to another person."},{"text":"An apparent ability to carry out the threat."},{"text":"An act creating a well-founded fear in that person that violence is imminent."}]},"requirements":"Intentional unlawful threat by words or action; apparent ability to carry it out; an act causing well-founded fear that violence is imminent.","notes":"Contact is not required. Future threats alone do not establish imminence. Riot-related provision changes the grade.","keywords":"threat threaten threatened threats fear scared intimidate","searchPhrases":"threatened immediate violence;threat causing fear;raised fist threatening hit","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.011","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.011.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Aggravated assault","citation":"F.S. 784.021","section":"784.021","categories":["Threats \u0026 assault"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Assault involving a deadly weapon or intent to commit a felony.","plainEnglish":"This adds a deadly weapon or an intent to commit a felony to an otherwise complete assault. Simply having a weapon nearby does not supply the threat, apparent ability and immediate fear.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"An intentional, unlawful threat by word or act to do violence to another person."},{"text":"An apparent ability to carry out the threat."},{"text":"An act creating a well-founded fear in that person that violence is imminent."}]},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Use a deadly weapon without intent to kill."},{"text":"Act with intent to commit a felony."}]}]},"requirements":"All assault elements, plus either a deadly weapon without intent to kill OR intent to commit a felony.","notes":"Document facts supporting imminence, apparent ability, and the applicable aggravating alternative.","keywords":"threat threaten threatened gun knife weapon pointed pointing","searchPhrases":"pointed gun;pointing knife;threat with gun;threat with knife;threatening deadly weapon;held knife neck;knife threatening kill;aimed firearm;aimed gun;threatened shoot with gun","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.021","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.021.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Domestic violence: relationship definition","citation":"F.S. 741.28","section":"741.28","categories":["Domestic related"],"grade":"Definition; not a standalone charge","summary":"Defines domestic violence and qualifying family or household relationships.","plainEnglish":"Use this card to decide whether a relationship fits the domestic designation. It defines relationships and covered violence; the actual charge comes from an underlying offense.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"REFERENCE","label":"","items":[{"text":"Definition only: use the underlying offense card for the charge."},{"text":"Qualifying shared-child relationship OR another listed relationship plus current/past co-residence in one dwelling."},{"text":"Match an underlying act covered by the domestic-violence definition."}]},"requirements":"Covered relationships: spouses/ex-spouses; blood or marriage relatives; people living or formerly living together as a family; parents of a shared child. Except shared-child parents, current or past residence together in one dwelling is required.","notes":"Domestic violence includes listed violent offenses and other offenses causing physical injury or death between qualifying members. Match the underlying offense separately.","keywords":"domestic dv family household relationship child common wife husband partner girlfriend boyfriend","searchPhrases":"dv definition;domestic relationship;family household member","entryType":"Reference / procedure","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/741.28","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0741/Sections/0741.28.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Stalking / cyberstalking","citation":"F.S. 784.048(2)","section":"784.048(2)","categories":["Threats \u0026 assault","Domestic related","Cyber \u0026 privacy"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Repeated malicious following or harassment, including online conduct.","plainEnglish":"A repeated course of targeted following or harassment can qualify, including covered online conduct. A single unwanted message or ordinary disagreement is different from the required course of conduct.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Willful, malicious and repeated conduct directed at a specific person."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Follow the person."},{"text":"Harass through the statutory distressing course of conduct serving no legitimate purpose."},{"text":"Cyberstalk under the statutory electronic conduct definition."}]}]},"requirements":"Willful, malicious, repeated following, harassment, or cyberstalking. Harassment/cyberstalking requires substantial emotional distress and no legitimate purpose.","notes":"Protected speech is excluded. Document the course of conduct.","keywords":"follow following stalk stalking harass harassment messages repeatedly ex","searchPhrases":"keeps following;keeps texting;repeated unwanted contact;online harassment;cyber stalking;repeated unwanted calls;repeated unwanted messages;unwanted calls following;driving past residence repeatedly","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.048","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.048.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Aggravated stalking","citation":"F.S. 784.048(3)-(5)","section":"784.048(3)-(5)","categories":["Threats \u0026 assault","Domestic related","Cyber \u0026 privacy"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Stalking with an aggravating circumstance.","plainEnglish":"Stalking can have a felony alternative when the listed threat, injunction, child-victim or other statutory circumstance is present. Establish the underlying stalking conduct and the particular aggravating facts.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Establish the applicable underlying stalking conduct."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Make the statutory credible threat with the required fear-related intent."},{"text":"Qualifying stalking after the specified injunction or court prohibition."},{"text":"Qualifying stalking of a child under 16 under the listed age exception rules."},{"text":"Other specifically listed post-sentence/prohibition alternative; identify its subsection."}]}]},"requirements":"Repeated willful malicious following, harassment, or cyberstalking, plus a credible threat; alternatively qualifying court prohibition or victim under 16 under the applicable subsection.","notes":"A credible threat requires reasonable safety fear and apparent ability. Identify the precise alternative.","keywords":"follow following stalk stalking threats restraining order child","searchPhrases":"stalking credible threat;stalking despite injunction;stalking child","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.048","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.048.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Domestic violence injunction violation","citation":"F.S. 741.31(4)","section":"741.31(4)","categories":["Domestic related","Injunctions \u0026 court orders"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor; qualifying repeat offense: third-degree felony","summary":"Willfully breaching a domestic-violence protection order.","plainEnglish":"This concerns intentionally violating one of the criminally enforceable restrictions in a domestic-violence injunction. Read the actual order, confirm knowledge and identify the prohibited act.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A qualifying injunction of this card’s specified type is in effect."},{"text":"The respondent has the required knowledge of the order."},{"text":"Willfully commit an act that the applicable criminal-enforcement provision prohibits under that injunction."}]},"requirements":"A qualifying injunction/order and a willful prohibited act, such as barred contact, proximity, violence, property damage, refusal to vacate, or ordered firearm surrender.","notes":"Verify notice/knowledge, current order and exact terms. Same-victim prior-conviction enhancement differs from other injunction statutes.","keywords":"restraining order injunction dv text called contacted wife ex","searchPhrases":"dv injunction;domestic no contact order;violated domestic injunction;called despite restraining order","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/741.31","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0741/Sections/0741.31.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Dating / repeat / sexual violence injunction violation","citation":"F.S. 784.047","section":"784.047","categories":["Injunctions \u0026 court orders","Domestic related"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor; qualifying repeat: third-degree felony","summary":"Willfully violating a qualifying protection order.","plainEnglish":"Certain dating, repeat-violence and sexual-violence orders have criminally enforceable restrictions. The order type and the exact contact, approach or other prohibited conduct matter.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A qualifying injunction of this card’s specified type is in effect."},{"text":"The respondent has the required knowledge of the order."},{"text":"Willfully commit an act that the applicable criminal-enforcement provision prohibits under that injunction."}]},"requirements":"Qualifying order plus prohibited conduct listed in subsection (1), such as barred contact, proximity, violence, property destruction or refusal to surrender firearms as ordered.","notes":"Two qualifying prior injunction/order convictions plus subsequent same-victim violation trigger subsection (2). Confirm the actual order.","keywords":"dating repeat sexual violence restraining injunction order contact text","searchPhrases":"violated dating injunction;violated sexual violence injunction;repeat violence protection order violation","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.047","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.047.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Stalking injunction violation","citation":"F.S. 784.0487(4)","section":"784.0487(4)","categories":["Injunctions \u0026 court orders","Threats \u0026 assault","Cyber \u0026 privacy"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor; qualifying repeat: third-degree felony","summary":"Willfully breaching a stalking or cyberstalking injunction.","plainEnglish":"Knowingly violating a covered stalking protection order can be an offense. Verify the order and its restrictions; the existence of an injunction does not make every interaction a violation.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A qualifying injunction of this card’s specified type is in effect."},{"text":"The respondent has the required knowledge of the order."},{"text":"Willfully commit an act that the applicable criminal-enforcement provision prohibits under that injunction."}]},"requirements":"Qualifying order plus willful listed conduct: prohibited contact/proximity, stalking, threats, property destruction, or refusal to surrender firearms as ordered.","notes":"Check notice/knowledge and exact terms. Two qualifying priors plus subsequent same-victim violation support the felony alternative.","keywords":"stalking injunction restraining order cyberstalking contacting","searchPhrases":"violated stalking injunction;contact despite stalking order;cyberstalking injunction violation","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.0487","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.0487.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Domestic violence investigation duties","citation":"F.S. 741.29","section":"741.29","categories":["Domestic related","Reference \u0026 procedure"],"grade":"Officer duties; not a standalone offense","summary":"Statutory response requirements for domestic incidents.","plainEnglish":"This explains officer responsibilities during a domestic-violence investigation. It is a procedure reference, rather than a separate offense to charge a suspect with.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"REFERENCE","label":"","items":[{"text":"Officer procedure reference, not a standalone suspect charge."},{"text":"Confirm a qualifying domestic-violence investigation."},{"text":"Apply the relevant reporting, victim-notice and response duties; see complete 741.29."}]},"requirements":"Assist needed medical care; advise of domestic-violence services; give required rights/remedies notice; administer the prescribed intimate-partner lethality assessment regardless of arrest, subject to training requirements.","notes":"Use the approved form and agency procedure. This card is not the complete investigation/reporting checklist.","keywords":"dv domestic lethality assessment victim notice medical report","searchPhrases":"domestic incident investigation duties;domestic victim notice;domestic lethality assessment","entryType":"Reference / procedure","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/741.29","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0741/Sections/0741.29.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Pretrial release violation: court authority","citation":"F.S. 903.0471","section":"903.0471","categories":["Injunctions \u0026 court orders","Reference \u0026 procedure"],"grade":"Court authority; not a standalone criminal charge","summary":"Allows judicial revocation of pretrial release.","plainEnglish":"This describes the court’s authority to address release violations. A bond-condition problem needs the actual release order and appropriate legal procedure; this section alone is not a general criminal charge.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"REFERENCE","label":"","items":[{"text":"Court authority under 903.0471, not a general standalone criminal charge."},{"text":"Identify the release order, alleged breach or new offense and applicable court process."},{"text":"For any proposed separate offense, establish that offense’s own elements."}]},"requirements":"Court finds probable cause of a new crime while on release or a material violation of another release condition.","notes":"Distinguish this authority from a substantive offense or an arrest warrant. Read the release order.","keywords":"bond bail no contact pretrial release violation","searchPhrases":"violated bond conditions;pretrial no contact violation;release order violation","entryType":"Reference / procedure","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/903.0471","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0900-0999/0903/Sections/0903.0471.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Kidnapping","citation":"F.S. 787.01","section":"787.01","categories":["Confinement \u0026 trafficking","Domestic related"],"grade":"First-degree felony punishable up to life; child aggravators apply","summary":"Unlawful confinement or abduction with a specified purpose.","plainEnglish":"Taking or holding someone against their will can be kidnapping when done for one of the statute’s specified purposes, such as ransom or facilitating another felony. The purpose separates it from some other restraint offenses.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Forcibly, secretly or by threat confine, abduct or imprison another person."},{"text":"Against that person’s will and without lawful authority."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intent to hold for ransom/reward or as shield/hostage."},{"text":"Intent to commit or facilitate a felony."},{"text":"Intent to inflict bodily harm or terrorize."},{"text":"Intent to interfere with a governmental or political function."}]}]},"requirements":"Forcibly, secretly, or by threat confine, abduct or imprison against the person\u0027s will without authority, intending ransom/hostage use, facilitating a felony, bodily harm/terror, or interference with government/political function.","notes":"Under-13 consent and aggravating provisions apply. Distinguish restraint incidental to another offense using controlling case law.","keywords":"kidnap kidnapped abduct hostage ransom held confined","searchPhrases":"abducted for ransom;held hostage;took hostage;forced into vehicle ransom","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/787.01","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0787/Sections/0787.01.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"False imprisonment","citation":"F.S. 787.02","section":"787.02","categories":["Confinement \u0026 trafficking","Domestic related"],"grade":"Third-degree felony; specified child aggravators increase grade","summary":"Unlawfully restraining another person.","plainEnglish":"Intentionally keeping someone from leaving without lawful authority can qualify, even without moving them far away. Establish actual restraint and lack of consent rather than relying only on an argument.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Forcibly, secretly or by threat confine, abduct, imprison or restrain another person."},{"text":"Without lawful authority and against that person’s will under the applicable consent rules."}]},"requirements":"Forcible, threatened, or secret confinement, abduction, imprisonment or restraint, against the person\u0027s will and without lawful authority.","notes":"Unlike kidnapping, no additional listed kidnapping purpose is required. Under-13 provisions apply.","keywords":"locked room blocked door restrained held wont let leave trapped","searchPhrases":"blocked exit;blocked door;wont let leave;wouldnt let leave;will not let leave;locked in room;prevented from leaving;locked girlfriend bedroom;would not allow leave;not allowed leave;blocked apartment exit","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/787.02","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0787/Sections/0787.02.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Interference with custody","citation":"F.S. 787.03","section":"787.03","categories":["Children \u0026 vulnerable adults","Domestic related"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Unlawful taking or concealment from a lawful custodian.","plainEnglish":"Taking or keeping a child or other covered person away from lawful custody can qualify when the statutory authority and intent requirements are met. Read the custody situation and applicable exceptions carefully.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A covered minor or incompetent person is in another’s lawful custody."},{"text":"The accused lacks lawful authority for the taking/enticement or other listed act."},{"text":"Establish the knowing conduct and any additional intent required by the chosen 787.03 alternative."}]},"requirements":"Knowingly/recklessly take or entice a minor or incompetent person from lawful custody without authority; subsection (2) separately addresses malicious deprivation absent a custody order.","notes":"Review actual custody rights and all statutory safety/domestic-violence defenses and shelter exceptions before treating a custody dispute as a crime.","keywords":"custody child taken parent hid conceal visitation","searchPhrases":"concealed child from lawful custodian;took child without custody authority;hid child from custodial parent","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/787.03","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0787/Sections/0787.03.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Human trafficking","citation":"F.S. 787.06","section":"787.06","categories":["Confinement \u0026 trafficking","Sexual offenses","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults"],"grade":"Felony; degree depends on subsection and victim","summary":"Exploiting a person for labor, services, or commercial sexual activity.","plainEnglish":"This covers exploiting people for labor, services or commercial sex through the alternatives the statute defines. Movement across a border is not the only issue; exploitation, age and coercive circumstances matter.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Identify the trafficking act involving labor, services or commercial sexual activity."},{"text":"Establish the person’s knowing conduct or statutory reckless disregard."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Qualifying coercion/other circumstances for the selected adult-victim alternative."},{"text":"Minor-victim alternative with its specified age, activity and other requirements."}]}]},"requirements":"Identify the prohibited trafficking act and the specific subsection: adult coercion, child labor, commercial sexual exploitation, or other listed circumstance. Document knowledge or reckless disregard and victim age/capacity.","notes":"Movement across borders is not required. Coercion rules and penalties vary; consult the complete section and specialist investigators.","keywords":"trafficking forced labor sex passport coercion debt servitude pimp","searchPhrases":"forced labor;forced commercial sex;passport withheld forced work;debt bondage","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/787.06","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0787/Sections/0787.06.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Culpable negligence","citation":"F.S. 784.05(1)-(2)","section":"784.05(1)-(2)","categories":["Battery \u0026 injury"],"grade":"Second-degree misdemeanor; actual injury: first-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Culpably negligent conduct exposing another to injury.","plainEnglish":"Seriously reckless disregard for another person’s safety can be criminal when it meets the culpable-negligence standard. An ordinary accident or simple carelessness is a different level of conduct.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Conduct meets culpable negligence: the required gross/reckless disregard for safety."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Expose another to personal injury under subsection (1)."},{"text":"Inflict actual personal injury under subsection (2)."}]}]},"requirements":"Culpable negligence exposing another to personal injury; subsection (2) applies when actual injury results.","notes":"Ordinary carelessness is not automatically culpable negligence. Loaded-firearm/minor injuries have a separate subsection.","keywords":"reckless dangerous negligent accidental injury","searchPhrases":"culpably negligent injury;reckless act endangering another;dangerous negligent injury","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.05","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.05.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Assault / battery on victim age 65+","citation":"F.S. 784.08","section":"784.08","categories":["Battery \u0026 injury","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults","Threats \u0026 assault"],"grade":"Reclassification: assault M1; battery F3; aggravated assault F2; aggravated battery F1","summary":"Enhanced classification based on the victim\u0027s age.","plainEnglish":"The underlying assault or battery has additional consequences when the victim is at least 65. Establish the offense and actual age, then use the applicable statutory alternative.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"An intentional, unlawful threat by word or act to do violence to another person."},{"text":"An apparent ability to carry out the threat."},{"text":"An act creating a well-founded fear in that person that violence is imminent."}]},{"operator":"ANY","label":"Battery — establish one route","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Actually and intentionally touch or strike another person."},{"text":"The contact is against that person’s will."}]},{"text":"Intentionally cause bodily harm to another person."}]},{"text":"The specified aggravated assault or aggravated battery is established."}]},{"text":"Victim is at least 65 years old; select the corresponding offense alternative."}]},"requirements":"Establish the underlying assault/battery and victim age of at least 65.","notes":"Knowledge of age is not required by this section. Do not confuse this age rule with chapter 825 definitions.","keywords":"elderly senior older grandparent hit punch assault 65","searchPhrases":"hit elderly victim;punched senior;assault victim over 65","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.08","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.08.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Assault / battery on officer or protected worker","citation":"F.S. 784.07(2)","section":"784.07(2)","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice","Battery \u0026 injury","Threats \u0026 assault"],"grade":"Reclassification: assault M1; battery F3; aggravated assault F2; aggravated battery F1","summary":"Enhanced assault/battery classification for covered personnel.","plainEnglish":"Certain workers performing covered duties receive added statutory protection. Verify the worker’s role, duty connection and required knowledge along with the underlying assault or battery.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"An intentional, unlawful threat by word or act to do violence to another person."},{"text":"An apparent ability to carry out the threat."},{"text":"An act creating a well-founded fear in that person that violence is imminent."}]},{"operator":"ANY","label":"Battery — establish one route","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Actually and intentionally touch or strike another person."},{"text":"The contact is against that person’s will."}]},{"text":"Intentionally cause bodily harm to another person."}]},{"text":"The specified aggravated assault or aggravated battery is established."}]},{"text":"Victim holds a role protected by the selected 784.07 alternative."},{"text":"Victim is lawfully performing covered duties, and the required knowledge is established."}]},"requirements":"Underlying offense knowingly committed on a covered officer/worker while performing official duties; confirm the applicable statutory definition and any identification conditions.","notes":"Protected occupations have different criteria. For officer cases, assess lawful duty under controlling law and applicable jury instructions.","keywords":"hit punch cop police officer firefighter emt hospital security","searchPhrases":"punched police officer;hit firefighter;hit emergency medical worker;battery on officer","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.07","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.07.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Petit theft","citation":"F.S. 812.014(2)(f), (3)","section":"812.014(2)(f), (3)","categories":["Theft \u0026 robbery"],"grade":"Base M2 under $100; M1 $100 to under $750","summary":"Taking or using another\u0027s property with theft intent.","plainEnglish":"Taking or using someone else’s property with the required intent can be petit theft. Value, item type, location and prior convictions can move the conduct into a different theft category.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Knowingly obtain/use, or endeavor to obtain/use, another’s property."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intent temporarily or permanently to deprive the owner of a right or benefit."},{"text":"Intent to appropriate it to someone not entitled to it."}]}]},{"text":"The value, property type, location and history fall within the selected petit-theft alternative rather than a felony provision."}]},"requirements":"Knowingly obtain/use or try to obtain/use another\u0027s property, intending temporary/permanent deprivation or unauthorized appropriation.","notes":"Special property, dwelling/curtilage, prior convictions, and other circumstances override ordinary value grades.","keywords":"steal stole stolen shoplift shoplifting merchandise took theft","searchPhrases":"shoplifting;retail theft;stole merchandise;stole wallet;stole phone;petty theft;stole bicycle;took store phone;merchandise without paying;concealed merchandise;stole retail goods;stole bike","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/812.014","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0812/Sections/0812.014.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Grand theft","citation":"F.S. 812.014(2)","section":"812.014(2)","categories":["Theft \u0026 robbery"],"grade":"Ordinary values: F3 $750 to under $20,000; F2 $20,000 to under $100,000; F1 $100,000+","summary":"Theft meeting a felony value or property category.","plainEnglish":"Some thefts are felonies because of property value or the kind of property taken. A firearm or vehicle can have specific treatment; do not rely on price alone.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Knowingly obtain/use, or endeavor to obtain/use, another’s property."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intent temporarily or permanently to deprive the owner of a right or benefit."},{"text":"Intent to appropriate it to someone not entitled to it."}]}]},{"text":"At least one grand-theft value, property-type or other statutory circumstance applies; identify the exact alternative."}]},"requirements":"Theft elements plus statutory value/property circumstance. Motor vehicles and firearms have specific rules; dwelling/curtilage theft has special thresholds.","notes":"Not a complete grading table. Confirm valuation, priors, location and property type.","keywords":"steal stole stolen car auto vehicle gun firearm expensive theft","searchPhrases":"stole car;auto theft;grand theft auto;stolen vehicle;stole gun;stole firearm;took whole car;stole vehicle;stole truck;stole motorcycle;motor vehicle theft;stolen car","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/812.014","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0812/Sections/0812.014.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Dwelling / porch property theft","citation":"F.S. 812.014(2)(d)-(e)","section":"812.014(2)(d)-(e)","categories":["Theft \u0026 robbery"],"grade":"Special dwelling/curtilage grades","summary":"Theft from a dwelling or its unenclosed curtilage.","plainEnglish":"Property taken from a dwelling or its covered surrounding area can fall under special theft provisions. Document exactly where the item was and its value.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Knowingly obtain/use, or endeavor to obtain/use, another’s property."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intent temporarily or permanently to deprive the owner of a right or benefit."},{"text":"Intent to appropriate it to someone not entitled to it."}]}]},{"text":"Property is taken from the dwelling or surrounding location specified by the selected subsection."},{"text":"The selected subsection’s value and other special conditions apply."}]},"requirements":"Theft from the defined location: $40 or more supports the F3 provision; under $40 supports M1, subject to priors and other provisions.","notes":"Confirm statutory location definitions. Multiple dwellings and qualifying prior convictions change classification.","keywords":"porch pirate package packages doorstep dwelling stolen delivery","searchPhrases":"porch package;stole package;package theft;porch pirate;stolen delivery","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/812.014","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0812/Sections/0812.014.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Robbery","citation":"F.S. 812.13","section":"812.13","categories":["Theft \u0026 robbery"],"grade":"F2 unarmed; F1 with weapon; firearm/deadly weapon: F1 up to life","summary":"Taking property from a person or custody through force or fear.","plainEnglish":"This involves taking property from a person or their custody through force, violence, assault or fear under the robbery rules. The timing and connection of the force to the taking matter.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Take money or property from another’s person or custody."},{"text":"Intent temporarily or permanently to deprive or appropriate."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Force or violence connected to the taking."},{"text":"Assault or putting in fear connected to the taking."}]}]},"requirements":"Taking with theft intent and force, violence, assault or putting in fear in the course of the taking.","notes":"Document timing and continuity of force/fear and taking. Distinguish theft and sudden snatching.","keywords":"rob robbed mug mugged force wallet purse gunpoint holdup","searchPhrases":"mugging;robbed at gunpoint;forcefully stole wallet;armed robbery","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/812.13","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0812/Sections/0812.13.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Robbery by sudden snatching","citation":"F.S. 812.131","section":"812.131","categories":["Theft \u0026 robbery"],"grade":"F3; firearm/deadly weapon: F2","summary":"Snatching property from an aware victim.","plainEnglish":"Suddenly grabbing property from a person can qualify when the person is aware of the taking as required. Compare ordinary theft and robbery involving additional force.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Take money or property from the victim’s person with the required deprivation/appropriation intent."},{"text":"The victim becomes aware of the taking in the course of it."}]},"requirements":"Take property from the victim\u0027s person with theft intent; victim was or became aware during the taking.","notes":"No additional force, resistance or injury is required. Weapon status changes the degree.","keywords":"snatch snatched purse phone necklace grabbed","searchPhrases":"snatched purse from hand;grabbed phone from hand;sudden purse snatching","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/812.131","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0812/Sections/0812.131.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Carjacking","citation":"F.S. 812.133","section":"812.133","categories":["Theft \u0026 robbery","Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"First-degree felony; firearm/deadly weapon: up to life","summary":"Taking a motor vehicle from a person\u0027s custody through force or fear.","plainEnglish":"Taking a motor vehicle from a person or their custody through the required force, violence, assault or fear can be carjacking. Finding an unattended stolen car presents a different fact pattern.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Take a motor vehicle from another’s person or custody."},{"text":"Intent temporarily or permanently to deprive or appropriate."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Use force or violence in the course of the taking."},{"text":"Use assault or putting in fear in the course of the taking."}]}]},"requirements":"Vehicle taking with intent to deprive temporarily/permanently, using force, violence, assault or fear during the taking.","notes":"Distinguish unattended vehicle theft. Record weapon type and continuous sequence of events.","keywords":"carjack carjacked stolen car gunpoint vehicle driver","searchPhrases":"forced driver out stole car;took car at gunpoint;carjacked driver","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/812.133","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0812/Sections/0812.133.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Home-invasion robbery","citation":"F.S. 812.135","section":"812.135","categories":["Theft \u0026 robbery","Burglary \u0026 trespass"],"grade":"First-degree felony; firearm/deadly weapon: up to life","summary":"Entering a home intending to rob occupants and doing so.","plainEnglish":"Entering a dwelling with the intent to commit robbery and committing the robbery can qualify. Establish the entry, advance intent and robbery facts rather than just theft inside a home.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Enter a dwelling with intent to commit robbery."},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Take money or property from another’s person or custody."},{"text":"Intent temporarily or permanently to deprive or appropriate."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Force or violence connected to the taking."},{"text":"Assault or putting in fear connected to the taking."}]}]}]},"requirements":"Entry into a dwelling with robbery intent plus actual robbery of occupants.","notes":"Distinguish burglary with assault/battery and assess weapon aggravation.","keywords":"home invasion robbery entered house robbed occupants","searchPhrases":"entered home robbed occupants;robbed people inside house;home invasion","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/812.135","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0812/Sections/0812.135.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Dealing in stolen property","citation":"F.S. 812.019","section":"812.019","categories":["Theft \u0026 robbery","Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"F2 trafficking; organizing theft and trafficking: F1","summary":"Trafficking in property known or reasonably understood to be stolen.","plainEnglish":"Trafficking in property known, or reasonably known, to be stolen can be a separate offense. Innocent possession or an ordinary resale alone does not establish the required knowledge and dealing.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Traffic in, or endeavor to traffic in, property."},{"text":"Know or should know the property was stolen."}]},"requirements":"Traffic or endeavor to traffic in stolen property, knowing or having reason to know its stolen status.","notes":"Subsection (2) requires organizing/directing or similar participation in the theft AND trafficking. Mere possession is not this offense by itself.","keywords":"pawn pawning sell selling stolen property fence resale","searchPhrases":"selling known stolen goods;pawned stolen property;sold stolen merchandise","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/812.019","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0812/Sections/0812.019.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Burglary of dwelling","citation":"F.S. 810.02(1), (3)","section":"810.02(1), (3)","categories":["Burglary \u0026 trespass"],"grade":"Second-degree felony base; aggravators may increase","summary":"Entering or unlawfully remaining in a dwelling with criminal intent.","plainEnglish":"Entering a home without authorization and with the required criminal intent can be burglary. Breaking a lock is not always necessary; consent, remaining-in alternatives and intent require review.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Enter a covered dwelling, structure or conveyance."},{"text":"Have intent to commit an offense there."},{"text":"Entry is not licensed/invited and the premises are not open to the public under the statutory rules."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Initially enter lawfully."},{"text":"Remain under a specific statutory surreptitious, permission-withdrawal or forcible-felony alternative."},{"text":"Have the criminal intent required by that alternative."}]}]},{"text":"The place is a statutory dwelling; apply its occupancy and grading circumstances."}]},"requirements":"Entry with intent to commit an offense, absent public access or license/invitation; or qualifying secret remaining, remaining after withdrawal, or remaining to commit/attempt a forcible felony.","notes":"A dwelling need not be occupied. Assault/battery or arming changes grade.","keywords":"break broke house home dwelling entered window burglary","searchPhrases":"broke into house;home break in;house break in;residential burglary;breaking and entering home;burglarized house;climbed house window;entered house steal;entered home steal;forced entry house;pried house door;residential break in","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/810.02","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0810/Sections/0810.02.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Burglary of structure / conveyance","citation":"F.S. 810.02(1), (3)-(4)","section":"810.02(1), (3)-(4)","categories":["Burglary \u0026 trespass"],"grade":"F3 ordinary unoccupied; F2 occupied/specified circumstances","summary":"Burglary involving a building, vehicle, or other conveyance.","plainEnglish":"A car or business break-in can be burglary when the entry or remaining and criminal intent requirements are met. An unlocked door does not automatically rule it out.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Enter a covered dwelling, structure or conveyance."},{"text":"Have intent to commit an offense there."},{"text":"Entry is not licensed/invited and the premises are not open to the public under the statutory rules."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Initially enter lawfully."},{"text":"Remain under a specific statutory surreptitious, permission-withdrawal or forcible-felony alternative."},{"text":"Have the criminal intent required by that alternative."}]}]},{"text":"The place is a statutory structure or conveyance; apply occupancy and grade rules."}]},"requirements":"Entry with criminal intent without public access/permission, or a qualifying remaining alternative.","notes":"Verify statutory structure/conveyance definitions. Check occupants, emergency vehicle, controlled-substance theft intent, weapons and other aggravators.","keywords":"broke into car vehicle burglary building business shed garage unlocked","searchPhrases":"broke into car;breaking into vehicle;car break in;vehicle break in;car burglary;entered unlocked car;breaking into business;burglarized store;entered truck took purse;entered car steal;pried business door;pried store door;business door steal;entered parked vehicle;reached inside car;car hopping","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/810.02","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0810/Sections/0810.02.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Armed burglary / burglary with assault or battery","citation":"F.S. 810.02(2)","section":"810.02(2)","categories":["Burglary \u0026 trespass","Battery \u0026 injury","Weapons"],"grade":"First-degree felony punishable up to life","summary":"Burglary with a listed serious aggravator.","plainEnglish":"A burglary can carry a higher grade when the person is armed or commits the specified assault or battery during it. Establish the burglary first and then the applicable aggravating facts.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Enter a covered dwelling, structure or conveyance."},{"text":"Have intent to commit an offense there."},{"text":"Entry is not licensed/invited and the premises are not open to the public under the statutory rules."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Initially enter lawfully."},{"text":"Remain under a specific statutory surreptitious, permission-withdrawal or forcible-felony alternative."},{"text":"Have the criminal intent required by that alternative."}]}]},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Make an assault or battery upon a person in the course of the burglary."},{"text":"Be armed or arm oneself within the premises with explosives or a dangerous weapon."}]}]},"requirements":"Burglary plus assault/battery, or being/becoming armed with explosives/dangerous weapon. Subsection (2)(c) covers specified vehicle-use/damage circumstances.","notes":"Theft need not be completed; establish the underlying burglary and precise aggravator.","keywords":"armed burglary gun knife entered home hit occupant","searchPhrases":"entered house armed;burglary with firearm;entered home attacked occupant","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/810.02","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0810/Sections/0810.02.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Trespass: structure or conveyance","citation":"F.S. 810.08","section":"810.08","categories":["Burglary \u0026 trespass"],"grade":"Base M2; occupied M1; armed F3","summary":"Unauthorized entry or refusal to leave a building or vehicle.","plainEnglish":"Entering or staying in a building or vehicle without the required permission can be trespass. Permission being withdrawn, notice and the exact location matter.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Willfully enter/remain in a covered structure or conveyance."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"No authorization, license or invitation to do so."},{"text":"After prior permission, an authorized person warns the accused to depart and the accused refuses."}]}]},"requirements":"Willfully enter/remain without authority, license or invitation; alternatively refuse an owner\u0027s/lessee\u0027s/authorized person\u0027s warning to depart after permitted entry.","notes":"Check permission and property rights. Presence of a human or a dangerous weapon affects grade.","keywords":"trespass refused leave store building car unwanted","searchPhrases":"refused to leave store;wont leave business;wouldnt leave store;unwanted in building;refuses leave shop;refuses leave store;told leave business;remained store after warning;refuses leave apartment;refused leave restaurant;remained ordered out;customer ordered leave;remaining after told leave","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/810.08","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0810/Sections/0810.08.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Trespass: land / other property","citation":"F.S. 810.09","section":"810.09","categories":["Burglary \u0026 trespass"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor base; listed felony circumstances","summary":"Trespassing on property outside a structure or conveyance.","plainEnglish":"Being on land after legally sufficient notice or in another covered situation can be trespass. Document signs, warnings, boundaries and authorization rather than assuming all unwanted presence is criminal.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Willfully enter/remain on property other than a structure or conveyance without authorization."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Legally sufficient actual notice or posting/fencing/cultivation notice applies."},{"text":"Another specific 810.09 location or conduct alternative applies; identify it."}]}]},"requirements":"Willful unauthorized entry/remain after legally adequate notice; alternatively unenclosed dwelling curtilage with intent to commit another offense.","notes":"Check actual communication, posting/fence/cultivation definitions. Armed and specified restricted-site circumstances can be F3.","keywords":"trespass land yard fence posted warning property construction","searchPhrases":"trespass warning;posted land;refused to leave yard;construction site trespass","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/810.09","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0810/Sections/0810.09.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Possession of burglary tools","citation":"F.S. 810.06","section":"810.06","categories":["Burglary \u0026 trespass"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Possessing an implement intended for burglary or trespass.","plainEnglish":"A tool can become relevant to this offense when possessed with the required burglary or trespass purpose. Carrying ordinary tools for lawful work is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Possess a tool, machine or implement."},{"text":"Intent to use it to commit burglary or trespass; establish the criminal purpose through the facts."}]},"requirements":"Possess a tool, machine or implement with intent to use it or allow its use for burglary or trespass.","notes":"An ordinary tool alone does not establish criminal intent.","keywords":"crowbar prybar lockpick screwdriver burglary tools","searchPhrases":"lock picks for burglary;burglary tools;crowbar to break into building","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/810.06","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0810/Sections/0810.06.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Criminal mischief / vandalism","citation":"F.S. 806.13(1)","section":"806.13(1)","categories":["Property damage \u0026 fire","Domestic related"],"grade":"Base M2 through $200; M1 over $200 to under $1,000; F3 $1,000+","summary":"Deliberately and maliciously damaging another\u0027s property.","plainEnglish":"Deliberately and maliciously damaging someone else’s property can be criminal mischief. Scratching paint, smashing a phone or breaking a window are useful search examples; intent and actual damage still matter.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Willfully and maliciously act."},{"text":"Injure or damage real or personal property belonging to another."}]},"requirements":"Willful malicious injury/damage to real or personal property belonging to another, including graffiti.","notes":"Prior convictions and special property can increase the grade. Unlawful occupation with $1,000+ intentional damage has a separate F2 provision.","keywords":"broke window smashed keyed car graffiti vandalism damaged phone","searchPhrases":"property;damage;break;property damage;damage to property;breaking property;broken window;smashed phone;keyed car;criminal damage;vandalism;slashed tires;destroying belongings;smashing things;damaged fence;spray paint;paint graffiti;graffiti wall;scratch paint;scratched truck;broken windshield;smashed windshield;punched window;damaged vehicle;damaged television;cut tires;painted garage;painted door;graffiti garage;scratched vehicle paint","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/806.13","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0806/Sections/0806.13.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Arson","citation":"F.S. 806.01","section":"806.01","categories":["Property damage \u0026 fire"],"grade":"First- or second-degree felony","summary":"Damaging structures through fire or explosion.","plainEnglish":"Intentionally causing unlawful fire or explosion damage can be arson under the applicable structure or property alternative. An accidental fire requires a different analysis.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Willfully and unlawfully, or while committing a felony, cause fire/explosion damage."},{"text":"The damaged structure/property fits the selected 806.01 alternative."}]},"requirements":"Willfully and unlawfully, or during a felony, damage a structure by fire/explosion. Dwelling, normally occupied structures and structures known/reasonably believed occupied fall under subsection (1).","notes":"Other structures fall under subsection (2), including one\u0027s own. Use the statutory structure definition.","keywords":"burn burned burning fire set house explosion arson","searchPhrases":"set building on fire;intentionally burned house;deliberately set fire","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/806.01","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0806/Sections/0806.01.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Identity theft / fraudulent personal information use","citation":"F.S. 817.568(2)","section":"817.568(2)","categories":["Fraud \u0026 identity","Cyber \u0026 privacy"],"grade":"Third-degree felony base; value/victim-count enhancements","summary":"Fraudulently using another person\u0027s identity information.","plainEnglish":"Using another person’s protected identifying information without permission and with fraudulent intent can qualify. Possessing information and using it fraudulently are distinct statutory issues.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Use or possess with intent to fraudulently use another person’s statutory identifying information."},{"text":"Lack that person’s authorization/consent."},{"text":"Establish the knowing/willful and fraudulent conduct of the selected alternative."}]},"requirements":"Willful unauthorized fraudulent use, or possession with fraudulent-use intent, of another\u0027s personal identifying information without consent.","notes":"Check larger loss, multiple victims, vulnerable victims and other special provisions.","keywords":"identity theft ssn social security account scam used name","searchPhrases":"opened account someone elses name;opened bank account another name;used another identity;fraudulent account application","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/817.568","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0817/Sections/0817.568.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Organized fraud / scheme to defraud","citation":"F.S. 817.034(4)(a)","section":"817.034(4)(a)","categories":["Fraud \u0026 identity","Cyber \u0026 privacy"],"grade":"Felony; grade by aggregate property value","summary":"Obtaining property through an ongoing fraudulent scheme.","plainEnglish":"A continuing scheme that tricks people out of property can qualify. Establish the planned course of deception and property obtained, rather than only an unpaid debt or broken promise.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Engage in a statutory scheme to defraud."},{"text":"Obtain property through that scheme; establish its value for grade."}]},"requirements":"Systematic ongoing course of conduct with intent to defraud or obtain property by fraudulent pretenses/representations/promises, and actually obtaining property.","notes":"Aggregate value within a scheme. Distinguish a civil contract dispute from provable fraudulent intent.","keywords":"scam scammed scheme fraud fake investment swindle","searchPhrases":"investment scam;scheme to steal money;fraudulent investment scheme","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/817.034","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0817/Sections/0817.034.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Fraudulent credit card use","citation":"F.S. 817.61","section":"817.61","categories":["Fraud \u0026 identity","Cyber \u0026 privacy"],"grade":"See 817.67; use-count/value controls","summary":"Using a stolen, forged or unauthorized credit card fraudulently.","plainEnglish":"Using a card or card information without authority to obtain value can be card fraud. Taking the physical card and using it are different acts with separate statutory references.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Use a covered credit/payment card or account number to obtain value."},{"text":"It is stolen, forged, revoked or otherwise used without authority under a listed alternative."},{"text":"Know the applicable invalidity/lack of authority and act with intent to defraud."}]},"requirements":"Intent to defraud; prohibited card use or false cardholder representation to obtain money, goods, services or value.","notes":"Confirm card status, consent, value, uses and 6-month period; consult penalty cross-reference.","keywords":"credit debit card stolen charged unauthorized purchases","searchPhrases":"unauthorized card purchase;used someone card;credit card fraud;debit card fraud;used stolen card;used debit card;unauthorized debit purchase;used someone elses debit card;card purchase without permission","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/817.61","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0817/Sections/0817.61.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Forgery","citation":"F.S. 831.01","section":"831.01","categories":["Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Falsifying a document listed by statute to injure or defraud.","plainEnglish":"Making or changing a covered document so it falsely appears genuine can qualify when done with the required fraudulent intent. An innocent correction or ordinary typo is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Falsely make, alter, forge or counterfeit a document listed in 831.01."},{"text":"Intent to injure or defraud."}]},"requirements":"False making, alteration, forgery or counterfeiting of a covered record/instrument, with intent to injure or defraud.","notes":"Confirm the instrument is within the statutory list. Compare presenting a forged instrument under 831.02.","keywords":"forge forged fake signature check deed document altered","searchPhrases":"signed someone elses name;forged signature;signed another name;fake signature check;altered check","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/831.01","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0831/Sections/0831.01.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Uttering a forged instrument","citation":"F.S. 831.02","section":"831.02","categories":["Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Presenting a known false covered document as genuine.","plainEnglish":"Presenting a known forged document as genuine to defraud someone can qualify even if the presenter did not create it. Knowledge and intent are central.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Utter/publish a covered forged instrument as true."},{"text":"Know it is false/forged."},{"text":"Intent to injure or defraud."}]},"requirements":"Utter/publish as true a false, forged or altered instrument listed in 831.01, knowing its falsity and intending injury or fraud.","notes":"Creating and presenting a false instrument are distinct acts; check applicable charging rules.","keywords":"cash cashed forged check fake document presented uttering","searchPhrases":"presented forged check;cashed forged check;passed forged document","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/831.02","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0831/Sections/0831.02.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Fraudulently obtaining / keeping a rental vehicle","citation":"F.S. 817.52(1)-(3)","section":"817.52(1)-(3)","categories":["Fraud \u0026 identity","Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Fraudulent vehicle acquisition, rental, or refusal to return.","plainEnglish":"Obtaining or retaining a rented vehicle can become criminal under the listed fraudulent or nonreturn alternatives. Review the rental agreement, demands, deadlines and evidence of the required intent.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Obtain a vehicle under a listed false-representation or other fraudulent rental alternative."},{"text":"Establish the intent required by that subsection."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Rent/lease under an agreement to return the vehicle."},{"text":"Knowingly abandon or refuse its return without consent as specified."},{"text":"Apply the selected subsection’s agreement, demand and evidence rules."}]}]},"requirements":"Applicable alternative: obtain custody by deceit with fraudulent intent; hire with intent to defraud rental; or abandon/willfully refuse agreed return without consent and with intent to defraud.","notes":"A late return alone does not establish fraudulent intent. Verify agreement, consent and communications.","keywords":"rental rented car not returned overdue kept vehicle fraud","searchPhrases":"rental car not returned;kept rented car;overdue rental vehicle","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/817.52","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0817/Sections/0817.52.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Unauthorized computer / device access","citation":"F.S. 815.06(2)-(3)","section":"815.06(2)-(3)","categories":["Cyber \u0026 privacy","Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"Third-degree felony base; listed aggravators increase","summary":"Unlawful computer/device access, disruption, damage or surveillance.","plainEnglish":"Accessing or interfering with a computer, account or device without the required authorization can qualify under a listed alternative. A technical problem or workplace policy dispute alone is not the whole offense.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A covered computer, network, device or system is involved."},{"text":"Knowingly/willfully perform the access, disruption or other act specified in the selected subsection."},{"text":"Lack authorization or exceed it as that alternative requires."}]},"requirements":"Willful knowing unauthorized access or exceeding authorized access, or another listed disruption/damage/contaminant/surveillance act under subsection (2).","notes":"Document authorization boundaries and precise conduct. Harm, fraudulent purpose and infrastructure/medical effects affect grade.","keywords":"hack hacked computer phone account password malware unauthorized access","searchPhrases":"hacked computer;unauthorized account access;broke into computer account;accessed device without permission","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/815.06","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0815/Sections/0815.06.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Written / electronic threats","citation":"F.S. 836.10","section":"836.10","categories":["Threats \u0026 assault","Cyber \u0026 privacy"],"grade":"Second-degree felony","summary":"Sending or posting a record threatening death, bodily harm, mass shooting or terrorism.","plainEnglish":"A written or electronic record containing a covered threat can qualify under the statute’s transmission and viewing rules. Preserve the actual message and context rather than relying on a paraphrase.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Send/post/transmit, or procure transmission of, a writing or other record in a manner viewable by another."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"It contains a threat to kill or do bodily injury."},{"text":"It contains a threat of a mass shooting or act of terrorism."}]},{"text":"Establish the required threatening mental state and context."}]},"requirements":"Send/post/transmit or procure a writing/record viewable by another containing a listed threat.","notes":"A telephone call is excluded from the electronic-record definition. Assess context and applicable constitutional mental-state requirements.","keywords":"text message online posted threat kill shoot shooting school bomb","searchPhrases":"text shoot;text kill;message threatening kill;sent death threat;threatening text message","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/836.10","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0836/Sections/0836.10.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Extortion / blackmail","citation":"F.S. 836.05","section":"836.05","categories":["Threats \u0026 assault","Fraud \u0026 identity","Cyber \u0026 privacy"],"grade":"Second-degree felony base","summary":"Using malicious threats to demand money or compel conduct.","plainEnglish":"Using a covered threat to obtain money or another advantage, or to make someone act against their will, can be extortion. An ordinary demand for payment is different without the prohibited threat and intent.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Make a malicious threat of a type covered by 836.05."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intent to obtain money or another pecuniary advantage."},{"text":"Intent to compel an act or omission against the threatened person’s will."}]}]},"requirements":"Listed malicious threat to accuse, injure, disgrace or expose a secret, intending financial advantage or compelling an act/omission against someone\u0027s will.","notes":"Record both the threat and demand. Foreign-agent enhancement is separate.","keywords":"blackmail extort extortion pay money leak photos threat demand","searchPhrases":"pay or expose secrets;pay or release photos;demanded money threatening disclosure","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/836.05","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0836/Sections/0836.05.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Sexual cyberharassment","citation":"F.S. 784.049","section":"784.049","categories":["Cyber \u0026 privacy","Sexual offenses","Domestic related"],"grade":"M1 base; repeat/financial-gain provisions increase","summary":"Sharing an identifiable person\u0027s private sexual image without consent.","plainEnglish":"Sharing a qualifying intimate image without consent can be criminal when the statutory identification, privacy and harmful-purpose requirements are met. Taking a private photo does not automatically authorize its publication.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A qualifying sexually explicit image identifies the depicted person."},{"text":"Publish/disseminate as covered without that person’s consent."},{"text":"The depicted person had the required reasonable privacy expectation."},{"text":"Establish the statutory harmful-purpose intent."}]},"requirements":"Willful malicious intentional online publication/electronic dissemination of a sexual image, without depicted person\u0027s consent and against reasonable privacy expectation, with identifying information in or contemporaneous with it.","notes":"Prior sharing does not alone remove privacy. Financial gain and repeat violations change grade.","keywords":"revenge porn nude photos leaked posted intimate pictures ex","searchPhrases":"revenge porn;leaked nudes;posted nude photos;shared intimate pictures","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.049","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.049.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Digital voyeurism","citation":"F.S. 810.145(2)","section":"810.145(2)","categories":["Cyber \u0026 privacy","Sexual offenses"],"grade":"Under 19: M1; age 19+: F3 base","summary":"Secret recording/viewing in private or under clothing.","plainEnglish":"Secretly using a device to view, record or broadcast someone in the protected circumstances can qualify. The privacy expectation, body area, device use and required purpose matter.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A device is used to secretly view, record or broadcast under a listed alternative."},{"text":"The victim, intimate area, privacy setting and lack-of-consent requirements of that alternative apply."},{"text":"Act for the prohibited statutory purpose."}]},"requirements":"Intentional secret imaging without knowledge/consent for a listed purpose, of dressing/undressing/private exposure with privacy expectation, or under/through clothing as specified.","notes":"Check exceptions, offender/victim age, authority/trust and priors. Dissemination is a separate alternative.","keywords":"hidden camera bathroom changing room upskirt record naked secretly","searchPhrases":"hidden bathroom camera;secretly recorded changing;recorded under skirt;secret nude recording","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/810.145","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0810/Sections/0810.145.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Digital voyeurism dissemination","citation":"F.S. 810.145(3)-(4)","section":"810.145(3)-(4)","categories":["Cyber \u0026 privacy","Sexual offenses"],"grade":"Third-degree felony base; aggravators apply","summary":"Distributing or commercially selling illegally made voyeuristic images.","plainEnglish":"Passing along material created through qualifying digital voyeurism can be a separate offense. Establish the material’s origin and the particular knowledge and distribution alternative.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"The material comes from qualifying digital voyeurism."},{"text":"Disseminate/distribute/transfer under the selected subsection."},{"text":"Establish that alternative’s knowledge and purpose requirements."}]},"requirements":"Know/reason to believe creation violated subsection (2), then intentionally distribute for a listed purpose; commercial alternatives address sale or transfer for sale.","notes":"Not every nonconsensual intimate image is voyeurism; compare 784.049.","keywords":"share hidden camera video voyeurism sell recording","searchPhrases":"shared hidden camera footage;sold voyeurism recording;distributed secret bathroom video","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/810.145","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0810/Sections/0810.145.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Sexual battery","citation":"F.S. 794.011","section":"794.011","categories":["Sexual offenses","Domestic related"],"grade":"Felony; degree depends on age and circumstances","summary":"Nonconsensual sexual penetration/union or another age-based statutory sexual-battery alternative.","plainEnglish":"This concerns the sexual contact or penetration and lack of legally valid consent described in the statute. Age, incapacity, force and other circumstances determine the applicable alternative and grade.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A statutory sexual-battery act occurs."},{"text":"The selected alternative’s age and lack-of-consent/incapacity circumstances apply."},{"text":"Establish any force, threat, authority or injury circumstances required by that alternative."}]},"requirements":"Establish the statute\u0027s sexual contact definition, victim/offender ages, consent/capacity and applicable force, weapon or special circumstances.","notes":"Consent must be knowing, intelligent and voluntary; lack of resistance is not consent. Medical-purpose exception applies. Use exact subsection.","keywords":"rape raped sexual assault forced sex unconscious penetration","searchPhrases":"forced sexual penetration;sex without consent;sexual assault unconscious person","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/794.011","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0794/Sections/0794.011.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Lewd or lascivious battery","citation":"F.S. 800.04(4)","section":"800.04(4)","categories":["Sexual offenses","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults"],"grade":"Second-degree felony base; qualifying prior enhancement","summary":"Sexual activity with a 12- to 15-year-old, or specified exploitation.","plainEnglish":"Covered sexual activity with a child in the listed age range, or other specified involvement of a child, can qualify. Apparent agreement does not replace the statutory age rules.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Engage in statutory sexual activity."},{"text":"Other person is at least 12 but under 16."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Encourage, force or entice a person under 16."},{"text":"The proposed conduct is one of the sexual activities specified in 800.04(4)(a)2."}]}]},"requirements":"Sexual activity with a person age 12 to under 16; or encouraging/forcing/enticing under-16 involvement in listed sexual acts.","notes":"Consent and mistaken age are not statutory defenses; confirm ages and precise act.","keywords":"minor underage sex child teenager sexual battery","searchPhrases":"sexual activity with child;underage sexual activity;sex with minor","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/800.04","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0800/Sections/0800.04.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Lewd or lascivious molestation","citation":"F.S. 800.04(5)","section":"800.04(5)","categories":["Sexual offenses","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults"],"grade":"F3, F2, life, or enhanced F1 depending on ages/priors","summary":"Lewd touching involving a child under 16.","plainEnglish":"Sexualized touching of the listed areas of a child under 16, or causing certain touching, can qualify. The ages of both people and the particular contact affect the offense.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Victim is under 16."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intentionally touch the listed body areas in a lewd/lascivious manner, including through clothing."},{"text":"Force or entice the child to touch the perpetrator in the specified manner."}]},{"text":"Apply the exact age/contact alternative for grade."}]},"requirements":"Intentional lewd touching of listed intimate parts/clothing, or force/enticement for the child to touch the offender that way.","notes":"Both parties\u0027 ages and prior convictions control grade. Consent/mistaken age are not statutory defenses.","keywords":"molest molested grope child touching breasts buttocks genitals","searchPhrases":"groped childs genitals;sexual touching child;molested a child","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/800.04","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0800/Sections/0800.04.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Indecent exposure","citation":"F.S. 800.03","section":"800.03","categories":["Sexual offenses","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"M1; second/subsequent violation F3","summary":"Vulgar or indecent public nudity/exposure.","plainEnglish":"Lewd exposure in a covered place or circumstance can qualify. Accidental exposure, ordinary nonlewd nudity and breastfeeding require different treatment.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Expose sexual organs in a place/circumstance covered by 800.03."},{"text":"The exposure is in the vulgar/indecent or lewd manner required by the selected alternative."}]},"requirements":"Expose sexual organs in public/on or visible from another\u0027s private premises in a vulgar/indecent manner, or be naked in public in such a manner.","notes":"Breastfeeding and mere nudity in a place set apart for it are excluded.","keywords":"flashing flashed naked nude exposed public genitals","searchPhrases":"exposed genitals;publicly exposed himself;flashing private parts","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/800.03","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0800/Sections/0800.03.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Online sexual solicitation of a child","citation":"F.S. 847.0135(3)","section":"847.0135(3)","categories":["Sexual offenses","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults","Cyber \u0026 privacy"],"grade":"F3 base; misrepresented offender age F2","summary":"Electronic luring for unlawful sexual conduct.","plainEnglish":"Using electronic communications to solicit a child, or someone believed to be a child, for the covered sexual conduct can qualify. The message content, purpose and age evidence matter.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Use a covered computer/electronic communication service."},{"text":"Recipient is a child or believed to be a child under the selected alternative."},{"text":"Perform the specified solicitation/luring conduct for the prohibited sexual purpose."}]},"requirements":"Knowingly use a listed computer/service/device to solicit/lure/entice or attempt to do so with a child/believed child, or solicit the custodian\u0027s consent, for specified unlawful sexual conduct.","notes":"An undercover officer is not a defense under the statute. Preserve communications and identify the underlying unlawful conduct.","keywords":"online groom grooming chat child minor solicit sexting","searchPhrases":"online child sexual solicitation;groomed minor online;sexual messages soliciting minor","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/847.0135","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0847/Sections/0847.0135.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Traveling to meet a minor","citation":"F.S. 847.0135(4)","section":"847.0135(4)","categories":["Sexual offenses","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults","Cyber \u0026 privacy"],"grade":"Second-degree felony","summary":"Travel after electronic solicitation for unlawful sexual conduct.","plainEnglish":"Travel connected to an earlier covered electronic solicitation can be a separate felony. Establish the solicitation, travel and intended activity rather than just a meeting invitation.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Covered electronic solicitation/luring conduct occurs."},{"text":"Travel, attempt travel or cause travel as specified."},{"text":"Intent to engage in the prohibited sexual activity; match the selected age/belief alternative."}]},"requirements":"Travel/attempt/cause travel any distance for specified unlawful sexual conduct with a child/believed child after the listed electronic solicitation.","notes":"Confirm intent and qualifying prior communications; travel need not cross state lines.","keywords":"travel meet minor child online sting hotel","searchPhrases":"traveled to meet child for sex;drove to meet online minor;traveling after online solicitation","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/847.0135","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0847/Sections/0847.0135.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Prostitution / purchase of services","citation":"F.S. 796.07(2)","section":"796.07(2)","categories":["Sexual offenses","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Degree varies by act and prior violations","summary":"Listed acts involving sexual activity for hire.","plainEnglish":"Offering, arranging, participating in or buying the covered sexual services can fall under different alternatives. Identify the person’s specific conduct and subsection; the grades are not interchangeable.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Offer, agree to or engage in a prohibited prostitution/lewdness/assignation act."},{"text":"Match the precise subsection and required sexual-service/payment or other circumstances."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Solicit or purchase prohibited sexual services."},{"text":"Establish the buyer-specific act and circumstances; apply its separate grade."}]}]},"requirements":"Establish the exact prohibited act, such as adult offering/engaging in prostitution, procurement, knowingly facilitating premises/transport, or purchasing services.","notes":"Solicitation under (2)(f) has separate felony penalties. Assess age, coercion and trafficking protections; use exact subsection.","keywords":"prostitution prostitute escort john paying sex solicitation","searchPhrases":"paid for sex;offered money for sex;solicited prostitution","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/796.07","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0796/Sections/0796.07.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Child abuse","citation":"F.S. 827.03(2)(c)","section":"827.03(2)(c)","categories":["Children \u0026 vulnerable adults","Domestic related"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Knowing or willful abuse without the listed serious harm.","plainEnglish":"Intentional harm, or intentional conduct reasonably expected to cause the covered harm to a child, can qualify. Establish the actual act and statutory mental state rather than relying only on a parenting disagreement.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Victim is a child."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intentionally inflict physical or mental injury."},{"text":"Intentionally act in a way reasonably expected to cause the covered injury."},{"text":"Actively encourage another to commit a covered injurious act."}]},{"text":"Use the nonaggravated alternative only when the statute’s injury/grading conditions fit."}]},"requirements":"Intentional physical/mental injury, an intentional act reasonably expected to cause it, or active encouragement of such an act; knowing/willful abuse without great bodily harm/permanent disability/disfigurement.","notes":"Mental injury has statutory evidentiary requirements; assess lawful discipline under controlling law.","keywords":"hit beat abused child kid bruises abuse","searchPhrases":"intentionally injured child;beating a child;punched child","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/827.03","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0827/Sections/0827.03.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Aggravated child abuse","citation":"F.S. 827.03(2)(a)","section":"827.03(2)(a)","categories":["Children \u0026 vulnerable adults","Domestic related"],"grade":"First-degree felony","summary":"Aggravated battery, torture, malicious punishment, unlawful caging, or serious abusive injury.","plainEnglish":"Child abuse can be aggravated through the listed serious harm, torture or other specified conduct. Document the particular aggravating act and medical findings.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Victim is a child."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Commit aggravated battery on the child."},{"text":"Willfully torture, maliciously punish or willfully/unlawfully cage the child."},{"text":"Knowingly/willfully abuse the child and cause the specified great bodily harm, permanent disability or disfigurement."}]}]},"requirements":"A listed aggravated-child-abuse act under subsection (1)(a).","notes":"Match the exact alternative and injury/intent requirements.","keywords":"torture caged cage abused child severe injury burn","searchPhrases":"tortured child;child locked in cage;severely injured child intentionally","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/827.03","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0827/Sections/0827.03.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Child neglect","citation":"F.S. 827.03(2)(b), (d)","section":"827.03(2)(b), (d)","categories":["Children \u0026 vulnerable adults","Domestic related"],"grade":"F3 without listed serious harm; F2 with it","summary":"Culpable caregiver failure to provide necessary care or protection.","plainEnglish":"A caregiver’s failure to provide necessary care or protection can qualify under the statutory level of neglect. Caregiver responsibility, circumstances and degree of harm matter.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Accused has the statutory caregiver responsibility for a child."},{"text":"Fail to provide necessary care, supervision, services or protection under a neglect alternative."},{"text":"The failure is willful or culpably negligent; apply the resulting-harm grade."}]},"requirements":"Willful/culpably negligent statutory neglect by a caregiver, through omitted care/services or reasonable protection, meeting statutory harm/risk requirements.","notes":"Independent unsupervised activities alone are excluded unless willful/wanton endangerment is established.","keywords":"child unattended alone food supervision neglect caregiver","searchPhrases":"child unattended;kid left alone;left child alone;no supervision;unattended toddler;baby home alone;infant alone;child left home;toddler unattended;child without supervision","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/827.03","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0827/Sections/0827.03.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Elderly / disabled adult abuse","citation":"F.S. 825.102(1)","section":"825.102(1)","categories":["Children \u0026 vulnerable adults","Domestic related"],"grade":"Third-degree felony base","summary":"Knowing or willful abuse of a qualifying elderly or disabled adult.","plainEnglish":"Intentional abuse of a person who meets the statute’s elderly or disabled-adult definition can qualify. Age alone does not establish every protected-status requirement.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Victim meets the statutory elderly-person or disabled-adult definition."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intentionally inflict physical or psychological injury."},{"text":"Intentionally act in a way reasonably expected to cause that injury."},{"text":"Actively encourage another to commit the covered injurious act."}]}]},"requirements":"Listed intentional injury/risk/encouragement or unlawful isolation conduct, without great bodily harm/permanent disability/disfigurement.","notes":"Verify chapter definitions; age 65+ reclassification under 784.08 is different.","keywords":"elderly disabled senior abuse isolated caregiver hit","searchPhrases":"caregiver hit elderly person;intentionally injured disabled adult;senior physically abused","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/825.102","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0825/Sections/0825.102.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Aggravated elderly / disabled adult abuse","citation":"F.S. 825.102(2)","section":"825.102(2)","categories":["Children \u0026 vulnerable adults","Domestic related"],"grade":"First-degree felony","summary":"Serious abusive conduct against a qualifying adult.","plainEnglish":"Specified serious injury, torture or other aggravated conduct against a covered adult can carry a greater offense. Establish protected status and the precise aggravated act.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Victim meets the statutory protected-adult definition."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Commit aggravated battery."},{"text":"Willfully torture, maliciously punish or willfully/unlawfully cage the person."},{"text":"Knowingly/willfully abuse and cause the specified serious or lasting harm."}]}]},"requirements":"Aggravated battery, willful torture/malicious punishment/unlawful caging, or knowing/willful abuse causing great bodily harm/permanent disability/disfigurement.","notes":"Confirm victim\u0027s statutory status and precise alternative.","keywords":"elderly disabled tortured caged severe abuse injury","searchPhrases":"tortured elderly person;elderly person caged;severely injured disabled adult","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/825.102","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0825/Sections/0825.102.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Elderly / disabled adult neglect","citation":"F.S. 825.102(3)","section":"825.102(3)","categories":["Children \u0026 vulnerable adults","Domestic related"],"grade":"F3 base; F2 with listed serious harm","summary":"Culpable failure of caregiver care or protection.","plainEnglish":"A caregiver’s qualifying failure to provide necessary care or protection can be criminal. Establish the caregiving duty, neglect standard, protected status and resulting harm where required.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Victim meets the protected-adult definition and accused has the statutory caregiving duty."},{"text":"Willfully or by culpable negligence fail to supply necessary care/protection under a listed alternative."},{"text":"Select the grade corresponding to whether the specified serious harm resulted."}]},"requirements":"Willful or culpably negligent failure of necessary care/services or reasonable protective efforts, under the statute\u0027s injury/risk definition.","notes":"Verify caregiver duty and victim\u0027s statutory status.","keywords":"neglect elderly disabled caregiver food medicine abandoned","searchPhrases":"caregiver withheld food medicine;elderly person without basic care;neglected disabled adult","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/825.102","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0825/Sections/0825.102.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Financial exploitation of elderly / disabled adult","citation":"F.S. 825.103","section":"825.103","categories":["Children \u0026 vulnerable adults","Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"Felony; value/subsection determines grade","summary":"Misusing a qualifying adult\u0027s assets through a listed relationship or incapacity circumstance.","plainEnglish":"Improperly obtaining, using or diverting a covered adult’s assets can qualify under the listed trust, authority or capacity alternatives. An unfavorable transaction alone does not establish exploitation.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Victim meets the statutory protected-adult definition."},{"text":"Obtain/use/endeavor to use assets, or perform another specific act listed in 825.103."},{"text":"The selected alternative’s trust, business, capacity, fiduciary or other conditions apply."},{"text":"Establish that alternative’s knowledge and deprivation/benefit intent."}]},"requirements":"Match a statutory alternative: trust/business misuse, known incapacity, fiduciary breach, account misappropriation, support-asset misuse or specified estate-plan manipulation.","notes":"Not every disputed gift is exploitation. Confirm capacity, authority, relationship, intent and value.","keywords":"elderly exploitation stole money caregiver power attorney bank scam","searchPhrases":"elder scam;stole grandmother money;caregiver stole money;caregiver took savings;stole seniors savings;elderly account stolen","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/825.103","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0825/Sections/0825.103.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Resisting an officer with violence","citation":"F.S. 843.01(1)","section":"843.01(1)","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Violently resisting a covered person performing a legal duty.","plainEnglish":"Knowingly opposing a covered officer’s lawful duty through the specified violence can qualify. Establish the legal duty and the violent act, rather than treating any difficult encounter as this felony.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A covered officer/person is engaged in lawful execution of a legal duty."},{"text":"Knowingly and willfully resist, obstruct or oppose that person."},{"text":"Offer or do violence to that person."}]},"requirements":"Knowing/willful resistance, obstruction or opposition, by offering/doing violence, during legal process or official duties.","notes":"Establish the lawful-duty requirements under controlling law. A separate subsection covers police canines/horses.","keywords":"fight fighting officer resist resisting arrest violence cop","searchPhrases":"fought officer during arrest;violently resisted arrest;punched officer resisting","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/843.01","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0843/Sections/0843.01.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Resisting an officer without violence","citation":"F.S. 843.02","section":"843.02","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Nonviolent obstruction of a lawful duty.","plainEnglish":"Obstructing a covered officer’s lawful duty can qualify without violence when all statutory requirements are met. Mere criticism or a lawful refusal is different from criminal obstruction.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A covered officer/person is engaged in lawful execution of a legal duty."},{"text":"Knowingly and willfully resist, obstruct or oppose that duty."},{"text":"Conduct fits the nonviolent statutory alternative rather than mere protected speech or lawful refusal."}]},"requirements":"Resistance, obstruction or opposition of a covered person executing process or lawfully performing a legal duty, without offered/actual violence.","notes":"Silence, criticism or failure to cooperate alone is not automatically criminal; establish actual lawful duty and obstruction under case law.","keywords":"resist resisting arrest obstruction officer flee foot ran","searchPhrases":"obstructed lawful arrest;nonviolent resistance;resisted officer without violence","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/843.02","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0843/Sections/0843.02.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"False name while arrested / lawfully detained","citation":"F.S. 901.36","section":"901.36","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice","Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"M1; adverse effect on another F3","summary":"Falsely identifying oneself during lawful detention or arrest.","plainEnglish":"Giving a false identity while arrested or lawfully detained can qualify when the statute’s intent requirement is met. Confirm the detention was lawful and record the actual identity statement.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Accused is arrested or lawfully detained by a law enforcement officer."},{"text":"Give a false name or otherwise falsely identify oneself."},{"text":"Intent to obstruct justice or hinder the officer in lawful execution of duty."}]},"requirements":"Arrest/lawful detention by an officer, plus false name or other false self-identification to officer/jail personnel.","notes":"A consensual encounter is different. Felony provision requires another person adversely affected.","keywords":"fake name false identity brother name detained arrested","searchPhrases":"false name;fake name;gave brother name","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/901.36","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0900-0999/0901/Sections/0901.36.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"False crime report","citation":"F.S. 837.05","section":"837.05","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"M1 base; listed circumstances F3","summary":"Knowingly giving an officer false crime information.","plainEnglish":"Knowingly giving false information about a crime to an officer can qualify under the applicable alternative. An honest mistake or incomplete recollection is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Give an officer information about the alleged commission of a crime."},{"text":"Know the information is false."},{"text":"Establish the intent and exact reporting alternative required by 837.05."}]},"requirements":"Knowingly false information to an officer concerning an alleged crime.","notes":"Capital-felony reports and qualifying repeat cases have felony rules. Inconsistency alone does not establish knowing falsity.","keywords":"false police report lied fabricated crime stolen car report","searchPhrases":"false information about crime;knowingly lied in police report;false report to police","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/837.05","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0837/Sections/0837.05.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Tampering with physical evidence","citation":"F.S. 918.13","section":"918.13","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"F3 base; capital-related investigation F2","summary":"Destroying/hiding or fabricating evidence in a pending/imminent case.","plainEnglish":"Destroying, hiding or changing evidence to impair its availability in a known or anticipated covered proceeding or investigation can qualify. An item being missing alone does not establish tampering.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Know a covered criminal proceeding/investigation is pending or about to be instituted."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Alter/destroy/conceal/remove a record, document or thing."},{"text":"Purpose to impair its verity or availability."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Make/present/use a false record, document or thing."},{"text":"Know its falsity and act to mislead the proceeding/investigation."}]}]}]},"requirements":"Knowledge a listed investigation/proceeding is pending/about to begin; impair evidence by alteration/destruction/concealment/removal, or knowingly make/present/use false evidence.","notes":"Establish knowledge, timing, purpose where required, and whether the underlying case is capital.","keywords":"swallowed drugs hide evidence deleted destroyed concealed tamper","searchPhrases":"flushed drugs;flushed cocaine;destroyed evidence;hid evidence;swallowed drugs;threw drugs away;disposed evidence","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/918.13","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0900-0999/0918/Sections/0918.13.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Witness / victim tampering","citation":"F.S. 914.22(1)-(2)","section":"914.22(1)-(2)","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice","Domestic related"],"grade":"Felony; degree follows affected case","summary":"Coercing, misleading or bribing someone to obstruct reporting or proceedings.","plainEnglish":"Using prohibited threats, pressure, deception or other listed acts to affect a witness or victim can qualify. Establish the intended effect on testimony, reporting or participation.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Knowingly perform a prohibited intimidation, threat, force, deception or benefit act."},{"text":"Intent to cause/induce a listed interference with testimony, evidence, reporting or justice participation."},{"text":"Apply the selected victim/witness/informant and proceeding circumstances."}]},"requirements":"Knowing intimidation, force, threats, misleading conduct or offered gain intended to induce one of the listed acts, including withholding evidence, untruthful testimony or blocking crime communication.","notes":"Proceeding need not already be pending. Distinguish harassment alternative in subsection (3).","keywords":"dont call police stop reporting witness threats bribe recant","searchPhrases":"threatened witness not testify;bribed witness;pressured victim to recant;threatened victim not report","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/914.22","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0900-0999/0914/Sections/0914.22.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Harassing a witness / victim","citation":"F.S. 914.22(3)-(4)","section":"914.22(3)-(4)","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice","Domestic related"],"grade":"M1 through felony; affected case determines grade","summary":"Intentional harassment obstructing participation in justice.","plainEnglish":"Targeted harassment intended to interfere with a witness or victim’s justice-related activity can qualify. Identify both the harassing conduct and the intended interference.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intentionally harass a covered witness/victim/informant."},{"text":"Thereby hinder/delay/prevent/dissuade, or attempt to, a listed justice-related act."}]},"requirements":"Intentionally harass and thereby hinder/delay/prevent/dissuade or attempt to do so regarding testimony, cooperation, crime reporting, arrest or prosecution as listed.","notes":"Separate from tampering\u0027s intimidation/force/misleading/gain alternatives. Identify affected case level.","keywords":"harass witness victim stop testify reporting intimidation","searchPhrases":"harassed witness to prevent testimony;harassed victim after reporting;witness harassment","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/914.22","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0900-0999/0914/Sections/0914.22.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Impersonating an officer / protected official","citation":"F.S. 843.08","section":"843.08","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice","Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"F3 base; felony-course/injury enhancements","summary":"Pretending to be a listed official and acting as one.","plainEnglish":"Pretending to hold a listed official role and acting as that official can qualify. Wearing similar clothing alone does not necessarily establish the entire offense.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Falsely assume/pretend to hold an official role listed in 843.08."},{"text":"Take upon oneself to act as such official, or use the listed assistance-demand alternative."}]},"requirements":"Falsely assume a covered role and undertake to act in that role or require help in an official matter.","notes":"A claim alone is not the full statutory test. Felony-course and resulting-injury facts increase degree.","keywords":"fake cop police impersonation badge pulled over pretend","searchPhrases":"fake law enforcement officer;fake officer demanded identification;pretending police officer","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/843.08","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0843/Sections/0843.08.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Failure to appear on bail","citation":"F.S. 843.15","section":"843.15","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice","Injunctions \u0026 court orders"],"grade":"M1 misdemeanor-related; F3 listed felony/sentencing/review cases","summary":"Willfully missing a required court appearance after release.","plainEnglish":"Willfully missing a required appearance after release can be a separate offense. Confirm release status, the actual appearance requirement and evidence that the absence was willful.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Accused is released under a bail/release arrangement covered by 843.15."},{"text":"A required appearance before the relevant court/judicial officer is due."},{"text":"Willfully fail to appear."}]},"requirements":"Release under chapter 903 and willful failure to appear as required before a court/judicial officer.","notes":"Verify release, required appearance and willfulness. Classify using subsection (1).","keywords":"fta missed court bail bond failed appear","searchPhrases":"missed court while on bond;failed court appearance;failed to appear after release","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/843.15","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0843/Sections/0843.15.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Unlawful concealed weapon / firearm carry","citation":"F.S. 790.01","section":"790.01","categories":["Weapons"],"grade":"Weapon M1; firearm F3 if statutory ineligibility proven","summary":"Concealed carry by someone who fails the statutory authorization criteria.","plainEnglish":"Concealed carry depends on eligibility and the weapon and place rules. Florida’s permitless-carry provisions mean that simply lacking a carry license is not automatically this offense.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Carry a covered concealed weapon or concealed firearm on/about the person."},{"text":"The person lacks lawful carry authority under the applicable eligibility/license provisions."},{"text":"Apply the weapon-specific alternative and exceptions; lack of a license alone does not establish unlawful permitless carry."}]},"requirements":"Concealed weapon/firearm on/about person AND not licensed AND ineligible under the license criteria listed in subsection (1).","notes":"Eligible unlicensed carry is authorized. State bears both nonlicensure and ineligibility burdens; check exceptions and current controlling decisions.","keywords":"concealed gun pistol weapon carry permit hidden unlicensed","searchPhrases":"unlawful concealed carry;hidden gun in waistband;carrying concealed weapon","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/790.01","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.01.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Improper exhibition of a weapon","citation":"F.S. 790.10","section":"790.10","categories":["Weapons","Threats \u0026 assault"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Displaying a weapon in a rude, careless, angry or threatening way.","plainEnglish":"Displaying a covered weapon in the prohibited rude, careless, angry or threatening manner can qualify. Ordinary lawful possession and necessary self-defense require different treatment.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Have/carry a covered firearm or other listed weapon."},{"text":"Exhibit it in a rude, careless, angry or threatening manner."},{"text":"The exhibition is in the presence of one or more persons and not in necessary self-defense."}]},"requirements":"Have/carry a covered weapon and exhibit it before one or more people in a prohibited manner, outside necessary self-defense.","notes":"Distinguish aggravated assault: imminence, fear and apparent ability require separate proof.","keywords":"brandish brandished flashed waving gun knife angry weapon","searchPhrases":"brandishing;waving gun;flashed gun;displayed weapon;flashing pistol;flashed pistol;flashing firearm;displayed gun intimidate;waving pistol;brandished handgun","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/790.10","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.10.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Discharging a firearm in public / residential area","citation":"F.S. 790.15(1)","section":"790.15(1)","categories":["Weapons","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor for this subsection","summary":"Shooting in listed public locations or negligently/recklessly on residential property.","plainEnglish":"Firing a gun in a covered public or residential setting can qualify under the particular alternative. Record the place, direction, circumstances and any statutory exception.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Discharge a firearm."},{"text":"The specific public-place, right-of-way, occupied-premises or residential alternative applies."},{"text":"Establish its required knowing/reckless conduct and review its exceptions."}]},"requirements":"Knowing discharge in a listed public/roadway/occupied-premises circumstance, or reckless/negligent outdoor discharge on listed residential property.","notes":"Lawful defense, official duties and listed hunting exceptions apply. Vehicle discharge has separate provisions.","keywords":"shots fired shooting gun public road backyard negligent discharge","searchPhrases":"shots fired;fired gun;shooting in air;gunfire","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/790.15","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.15.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Firearm / ammunition possession by prohibited felon","citation":"F.S. 790.23","section":"790.23","categories":["Weapons"],"grade":"Second-degree felony base; listed gang-related enhancement","summary":"Possession/control of prohibited weapons or ammunition by a qualifying person.","plainEnglish":"A qualifying conviction can prohibit possession or control of firearms, ammunition and other listed items. Verify the conviction, possession and restoration or other applicable exception.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A conviction/status covered by 790.23 applies."},{"text":"Own or have care, custody, possession or control of the firearm, ammunition or other item covered by the chosen alternative."},{"text":"Required knowing possession is established; verify restoration/exceptions."}]},"requirements":"Listed felony/delinquency status plus covered ownership/care/custody/possession/control, or prohibited concealed-weapon carry.","notes":"Confirm actual adjudication, out-of-state criteria, juvenile age limit, restoration of firearm authority and expungement exception.","keywords":"felon convicted gun ammo ammunition firearm possession","searchPhrases":"felon with gun;convicted felon ammunition;felon had bullets","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/790.23","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.23.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Firearm / ammunition with final protection injunction","citation":"F.S. 790.233","section":"790.233","categories":["Weapons","Injunctions \u0026 court orders","Domestic related"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Possession of a firearm/ammunition under a qualifying final injunction.","plainEnglish":"A qualifying final protection order can prohibit firearm or ammunition possession. Confirm the actual order, notice, covered order type and any specific official-duty exception.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A qualifying final domestic-violence or stalking/cyberstalking injunction is in effect."},{"text":"Required notice/knowledge of the order is established."},{"text":"Possess firearm/ammunition, subject to the statutory official-duty exception."}]},"requirements":"Current final domestic-violence or stalking/cyberstalking injunction and care/custody/possession/control of firearm or ammunition.","notes":"Temporary orders differ. Check the official-duty exception for actively certified officers and any broader federal restriction separately.","keywords":"restraining injunction gun firearm ammo possession order","searchPhrases":"gun despite final injunction;ammunition final domestic injunction;firearm possession restraining order","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/790.233","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.233.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Weapons on school property / events","citation":"F.S. 790.115","section":"790.115","categories":["Weapons","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults"],"grade":"Varies: base F3; authorized concealed carrier M2 alternative; discharge F2","summary":"Possessing, exhibiting or discharging weapons at protected school locations.","plainEnglish":"Weapons can be restricted at covered schools, school events and other listed places. Apply the exact weapon, location and exception rules rather than assuming all nearby possession is the same offense.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Item is a weapon covered by the selected subsection."},{"text":"The school property, event, transport or other location is covered."},{"text":"Perform the possession/display or other specified act with the required mental state and no applicable statutory authorization."}]},"requirements":"Match possession, rude/threatening exhibition, or discharge alternative; verify location, time, knowledge, authorization and exceptions.","notes":"Vehicle/program and law-enforcement exceptions matter. Exhibition and discharge distance rules differ from possession rules.","keywords":"school gun firearm weapon campus bus knife","searchPhrases":"gun on campus;firearm at school;weapon on school bus","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/790.115","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.115.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Controlled substance possession","citation":"F.S. 893.13(6)(a)","section":"893.13(6)(a)","categories":["Drugs"],"grade":"Third-degree felony base; statutory exceptions","summary":"Unlawful actual or constructive drug possession.","plainEnglish":"Knowingly possessing a substance controlled by Florida law can qualify. Identify the substance and establish actual or constructive possession; presence near drugs alone is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Substance is controlled under Florida law."},{"text":"Actual or constructive possession is established."},{"text":"Possession is knowing; required knowledge of presence/control is established, with applicable statutory knowledge rules."},{"text":"No applicable lawful prescription or statutory possession authorization."}]},"requirements":"Actual/constructive possession of a controlled substance without lawful prescription or other authorization.","notes":"Prove substance and possession/control; examine exceptions and trafficking quantities.","keywords":"cocaine crack meth heroin fentanyl pills oxy drugs possession","searchPhrases":"cocaine possession;heroin possession;fentanyl possession;possessed meth;crack cocaine","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/893.13","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0893/Sections/0893.13.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Cannabis possession: 20 grams or less","citation":"F.S. 893.13(6)(b)","section":"893.13(6)(b)","categories":["Drugs"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Small-quantity cannabis possession outside lawful authorization.","plainEnglish":"This card covers the small-quantity cannabis alternative. Verify the substance, weight and applicable lawful medical-cannabis or hemp rules rather than assuming any plant material is illegal cannabis.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Knowingly possess cannabis under the statutory substance definition."},{"text":"The amount and form fit the 20-grams-or-less alternative."},{"text":"No applicable lawful medical-cannabis/hemp or other authorization."}]},"requirements":"Unlawful possession of no more than 20 grams of statutory cannabis.","notes":"This alternative excludes extracted resin/preparations. Medical authorization and hemp definitions matter.","keywords":"weed marijuana cannabis joint blunt pot small bag","searchPhrases":"weed;marijuana;small bag weed;pot;blunt;joint","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/893.13","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0893/Sections/0893.13.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Drug sale / delivery / possession with intent","citation":"F.S. 893.13(1)(a)","section":"893.13(1)(a)","categories":["Drugs"],"grade":"Degree varies by scheduled substance and location","summary":"Unlawful drug distribution or possession intended for distribution.","plainEnglish":"Selling, delivering or possessing a controlled drug with the required distribution intent can qualify. The drug, location and evidence of intent determine the applicable alternative.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A covered controlled substance is involved."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Sell, manufacture or deliver it under the selected alternative."},{"text":"Possess it with intent to sell, manufacture or deliver."}]},{"text":"Establish the applicable knowledge, authorization and location conditions."}]},"requirements":"Sell/manufacture/deliver or possess with that intent, absent authorization.","notes":"Identify substance, intent and exact subsection; protected-location and other provisions change grade.","keywords":"dealer dealing sell sold selling deliver baggies drugs narcotics","searchPhrases":"sell cocaine;deliver cocaine;intent sell cocaine;sell crack;deliver crack;intent sell crack;sell heroin;deliver heroin;intent sell heroin;sell fentanyl;deliver fentanyl;intent sell fentanyl;sell meth;deliver meth;intent sell meth;sell weed;deliver weed;intent sell weed;sell marijuana;deliver marijuana;intent sell marijuana;sell cannabis;deliver cannabis;intent sell cannabis;sell pills;deliver pills;intent sell pills","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/893.13","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0893/Sections/0893.13.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Drug trafficking: quantity-based","citation":"F.S. 893.135","section":"893.135","categories":["Drugs"],"grade":"Generally first-degree felony; mandatory minima vary","summary":"Specified drug conduct at statutory weight or plant thresholds.","plainEnglish":"Specified drugs at statutory quantities can trigger trafficking provisions even without a witnessed sale. Drug identity, mixture rules and weight thresholds must be checked carefully.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"The controlled substance and mixture rules fit a trafficking subsection."},{"text":"A prohibited knowing act such as sale, purchase, manufacture, delivery, importation or possession is established."},{"text":"Quantity meets that drug’s statutory trafficking threshold."}]},"requirements":"Knowing listed sale/purchase/manufacture/delivery/import/possession and threshold quantity. Examples: cocaine 28g+, listed fentanyl mixtures 4g+, cannabis over 25lb or 300+ plants.","notes":"Mixture rules and precise substance control. Intent to sell is not required for possession trafficking. Check exact range and lab weight.","keywords":"trafficking kilo cocaine fentanyl heroin oxycodone meth pounds plants","searchPhrases":"large quantity narcotics;drug trafficking weight;kilo of cocaine;trafficking fentanyl","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/893.135","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0893/Sections/0893.135.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Drug paraphernalia possession / use","citation":"F.S. 893.147(1)","section":"893.147(1)","categories":["Drugs"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Equipment used or possessed with intent for unlawful drug activity.","plainEnglish":"An item can be paraphernalia when connected to the prohibited drug use or purpose. An ordinary pipe, bag or scale is not automatically criminal without the required context and intent.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"The object meets the statutory paraphernalia definition in context."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Use it for a prohibited drug-related purpose."},{"text":"Possess it intending that prohibited use."}]}]},"requirements":"Use or possess with intent to use statutory paraphernalia for prohibited production/storage or ingestion of a controlled substance.","notes":"Object alone is insufficient; assess intended unlawful use, 893.145 definitions and exceptions.","keywords":"pipe bong syringe needle grinder drug paraphernalia","searchPhrases":"crack pipe;drug pipe;drug paraphernalia;bong;pipe used smoke;smoke meth pipe;used heroin syringe;weed bong","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/893.147","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0893/Sections/0893.147.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Drug paraphernalia delivery / manufacture","citation":"F.S. 893.147(2)-(3)","section":"893.147(2)-(3)","categories":["Drugs"],"grade":"F3 base; adult delivery to minor F2","summary":"Supplying paraphernalia for prohibited drug uses.","plainEnglish":"Making or supplying drug paraphernalia can be a separate offense when the listed knowledge or intent requirements are met. Confirm the item’s intended use and the recipient-related alternative.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"The object is statutory drug paraphernalia."},{"text":"Deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver."},{"text":"Know or reasonably should know its prohibited drug-related use; apply any recipient-age alternative."}]},"requirements":"Deliver, possess with delivery intent, or manufacture with delivery intent, knowing/reasonably knowing intended unlawful drug use.","notes":"Adult-to-minor and syringe provisions have separate requirements.","keywords":"sell deliver pipe bong paraphernalia minor","searchPhrases":"sold crack pipe;delivered drug paraphernalia;manufactured drug paraphernalia to sell","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/893.147","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0893/Sections/0893.147.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"DUI: driving under influence","citation":"F.S. 316.193(1)","section":"316.193(1)","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Criminal traffic; priors/injury change grade","summary":"Driving or actual physical control while impaired or over the alcohol threshold.","plainEnglish":"Driving or being in actual physical control while impaired, or at the prohibited alcohol level, can qualify. Actual movement is not the only issue; impairment, testing and control evidence matter.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Drive or be in actual physical control of a vehicle in Florida."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Alcohol/covered substance impairs normal faculties."},{"text":"Blood-alcohol level is at least 0.08."},{"text":"Breath-alcohol level is at least 0.08."}]}]},"requirements":"Drive/actual physical control in Florida plus impaired normal faculties from listed substances OR blood alcohol at least .08g/100mL or breath alcohol .08g/210L.","notes":"Check control facts and admissible evidence. Impairment can establish DUI below .08.","keywords":"drunk driving dui dwi impaired intoxicated driving car","searchPhrases":"drunk driving;impaired driving;driving intoxicated;dui;dwi;smelled alcohol driving;driving alcohol unable straight;alcohol impaired driver;intoxicated driver;driving drunk;impaired by drugs","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.193","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.193.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"DUI with property damage / injury / death","citation":"F.S. 316.193(3)","section":"316.193(3)","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Homicide"],"grade":"M1 property/nonserious injury; F3 serious injury; DUI manslaughter F2 or listed F1","summary":"DUI operation causing damage, injury or death.","plainEnglish":"A qualifying DUI that causes the listed damage, injury or death carries additional consequences. Establish DUI, causation and the precise result rather than only that a crash occurred.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Drive or be in actual physical control of a vehicle in Florida."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Alcohol/covered substance impairs normal faculties."},{"text":"Blood-alcohol level is at least 0.08."},{"text":"Breath-alcohol level is at least 0.08."}]}]},{"text":"By reason of that operation, cause/contribute to causing the damage, injury or death specified by the chosen subsection."}]},"requirements":"DUI plus vehicle operation causing/contributing to listed damage/injury/death.","notes":"Causation, injury classification, prior qualifying convictions and failure-to-aid circumstances matter. Use exact subsection.","keywords":"dui crash collision drunk injured killed manslaughter","searchPhrases":"drunk driving caused crash;dui crash injury;dui fatal crash","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.193","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.193.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Reckless driving","citation":"F.S. 316.192","section":"316.192","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"Criminal traffic base; damage/injury M1; serious injury F3","summary":"Willful or wanton driving disregard for safety.","plainEnglish":"Driving with willful or wanton disregard for safety can be criminal. Ordinary careless driving uses a different standard; describe the conduct supporting the more serious mental state.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Drive a vehicle."},{"text":"Willful or wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property."}]},"requirements":"Drive a vehicle with willful/wanton disregard for people/property; injury/damage alternatives require causation.","notes":"Ordinary careless driving is different. Fleeing an officer in a vehicle is reckless driving per se.","keywords":"reckless driving dangerous swerving speeding racing","searchPhrases":"willful wanton driving;reckless dangerous driving;deliberately endangered traffic","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.192","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.192.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Fleeing / eluding an officer","citation":"F.S. 316.1935(1)-(3)","section":"316.1935(1)-(3)","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"F3 base; high-speed/wanton F2; resulting serious injury/death F1","summary":"Willfully evading a lawful vehicle stop.","plainEnglish":"Knowingly failing to stop or fleeing after a covered lawful direction can qualify. Officer, vehicle, signal and driving circumstances affect which alternative applies.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Operate a vehicle and receive/know of the covered lawful stop direction."},{"text":"Willfully refuse/fail to stop, or flee after stopping under the selected alternative."},{"text":"For any higher alternative, establish its additional marked-vehicle, signal, speed, disregard and resulting-harm facts."}]},"requirements":"Know of authorized officer\u0027s stop order and willfully fail/refuse stop or flee after stopping. Subsections (2)-(3) require a marked agency patrol vehicle with siren/lights.","notes":"Record stop order, knowledge, markings, lights/siren and driving. Crash-flight alternative is in subsection (4).","keywords":"flee fled elude chase pursuit police lights siren wouldnt stop","searchPhrases":"police chase;fled traffic stop;refused to stop for police;eluding;fleeing police","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.1935","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.1935.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Leaving crash scene: injury / death","citation":"F.S. 316.027(2)","section":"316.027(2)","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"F3 injury; F2 serious injury; F1 death","summary":"Willfully leaving an injury or fatal crash without fulfilling duties.","plainEnglish":"A driver involved in a crash with injury or death has statutory stopping, information and aid duties. Determine knowledge, involvement and the actual injury or death alternative.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Driver is involved in a crash causing injury/death within the selected alternative."},{"text":"Required knowledge of the crash is established."},{"text":"Willfully fail the applicable stop/remain/information/aid duty."}]},"requirements":"Driver involved in qualifying crash must stop/remain and comply with information/aid duties; establish willful violation and injury/death level.","notes":"Assess applicable knowledge law and exemptions. This is distinct from causing the crash.","keywords":"hit run hit-and-run left scene pedestrian injured killed crash","searchPhrases":"hit pedestrian and left;hit and run injured person;left fatal crash","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.027","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.027.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Leaving crash scene: attended property damage","citation":"F.S. 316.061(1)","section":"316.061(1)","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"Second-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Leaving a property-only crash involving attended property.","plainEnglish":"Leaving a crash involving attended property without meeting the required duties can be criminal. Distinguish damage to an occupied or attended vehicle from unattended property.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Drive a vehicle involved in a crash damaging another’s attended vehicle/property."},{"text":"Fail to stop/remain and fulfill the applicable information duty."},{"text":"Establish required knowledge under the applicable law."}]},"requirements":"Driver involved in damage-only crash with a driven/attended vehicle or property fails to immediately stop/remain until 316.062 duties are fulfilled.","notes":"Unattended vehicle/property duties are addressed separately in 316.063.","keywords":"hit run parking crash damage left scene attended","searchPhrases":"hit car drove away;hit vehicle drove away;crash drove away;collision left scene;rear ended drove away;hit and run occupied car","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.061","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.061.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Crash information and aid duties","citation":"F.S. 316.062","section":"316.062","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Reference \u0026 procedure"],"grade":"Noncriminal nonmoving violation under this section","summary":"Required exchange of information and reasonable aid after a crash.","plainEnglish":"This explains the information and reasonable assistance required after a covered crash. Use it with the applicable crash offense and document the particular duty that was not met.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"REFERENCE","label":"","items":[{"text":"Duty reference: determine the applicable crash offense and circumstances."},{"text":"Identify the driver’s information, identification and reasonable-assistance duties."},{"text":"Match the actual failure with its enforcement provision; this card does not itself select a charge."}]},"requirements":"For listed crashes provide name/address/registration, show available license on request, and render reasonable aid, including needed/requested transport arrangements.","notes":"Leaving-scene offenses have separate criminal provisions. Self-incrimination and autonomous-vehicle provisions apply.","keywords":"crash accident exchange information aid ambulance name address","searchPhrases":"failed exchange crash information;failed render aid after crash;crash driver information duties","entryType":"Civil / traffic","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.062","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.062.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Driving without valid license","citation":"F.S. 322.03(1)","section":"322.03(1)","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"M2 first; M1 second/subsequent","summary":"Driving on a Florida highway without the required valid license.","plainEnglish":"Operating a covered vehicle without the required valid license can qualify. Confirm the driver’s actual licensing status and any statutory exemption rather than just whether a card was produced.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Drive a motor vehicle on a highway in Florida."},{"text":"Lack the valid license required for that operation."},{"text":"No applicable statutory licensing exemption."}]},"requirements":"Drive a motor vehicle on a highway without valid licensure, unless a chapter exception applies.","notes":"Distinguish failure to carry a valid license, expired license and suspended-license cases. Third/subsequent has a minimum-jail provision.","keywords":"no license unlicensed never licensed driver driving","searchPhrases":"never licensed driver;driving no valid license;driving without license","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/322.03","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0322/Sections/0322.03.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Driving with suspended / revoked license","citation":"F.S. 322.34","section":"322.34","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"Civil without knowledge; criminal knowing cases vary","summary":"Driving while license/driving privilege is canceled, suspended or revoked.","plainEnglish":"Driving while suspended or revoked can be civil or criminal depending on knowledge and other statutory facts. Verify notice, suspension basis and prior history for the correct alternative.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Drive a motor vehicle on Florida highways."},{"text":"License/driving privilege is suspended, revoked or canceled under a covered provision."},{"text":"Select the civil or criminal alternative; establish knowledge and any required history for that alternative."}]},"requirements":"Highway driving plus disqualifying status; criminal knowing alternative requires knowledge as specified.","notes":"Check exact suspension basis, prior convictions, habitual status and statutory exceptions. Do not assume every third conviction is F3.","keywords":"dwls dwlsr suspended revoked canceled license knowingly","searchPhrases":"knowingly drove suspended;driving revoked license;dwls;dwlsr","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/322.34","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0322/Sections/0322.34.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Habitual traffic offender driving","citation":"F.S. 322.34(5)","section":"322.34(5)","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"Third-degree felony, subject to statutory exceptions","summary":"Driving while designated a habitual traffic offender.","plainEnglish":"Driving while under a qualifying habitual-offender revocation can carry a felony alternative. Confirm the official designation and revocation period rather than inferring it from several tickets.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A qualifying habitual-traffic-offender designation and resulting revocation apply."},{"text":"Operate a motor vehicle on Florida highways while that revocation remains effective."}]},"requirements":"Drive a motor vehicle on Florida highways while designated HTO.","notes":"Verify the designation and subsection (10) financial/administrative-suspension exceptions.","keywords":"hto habitual traffic offender revoked driving license","searchPhrases":"driving habitual offender revoked;hto driving;habitual traffic offender","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/322.34","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0322/Sections/0322.34.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Street racing / takeover / stunt driving","citation":"F.S. 316.191(2)-(3)","section":"316.191(2)-(3)","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"M1 base; repeat/coordinated-event enhancements","summary":"Racing or listed participation in street takeovers/stunts.","plainEnglish":"Racing, organized takeovers and specified stunt conduct can fall under different alternatives. Identify the participant’s role and actual prohibited driving or assistance.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Identify a specifically prohibited race, takeover, stunt, coordination or spectator act."},{"text":"The person’s actual role and required knowing conduct fit the chosen subsection."},{"text":"Establish its road/location and other circumstances; grades differ by role/history/harm."}]},"requirements":"A listed driving, participation, facilitation, passenger, traffic-blocking, filming-vehicle or refueling-vehicle act with statutory circumstances.","notes":"Mere presence is not participation; spectator rules differ. Check current enhancement and impoundment provisions.","keywords":"race racing drag burnout drifting takeover donuts wheelie stunt","searchPhrases":"street takeover;doing donuts in intersection;street drag race;burnouts blocking traffic","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.191","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.191.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Dangerous excessive speeding","citation":"F.S. 316.1922","section":"316.1922","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"Criminal traffic; first conviction up to 30 days","summary":"Driving at speeds meeting a criminal threshold.","plainEnglish":"The statute creates a criminal alternative for the specified extreme speed or dangerous-speed circumstances. Use the actual measured speed and required contextual facts, not simply that the driver was speeding.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Operate a motor vehicle."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Exceed the posted limit by 50 mph or more under subsection (1)(a)."},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Drive at 100 mph or more."},{"text":"Do so in the dangerous manner specified in subsection (1)(b)."}]}]}]},"requirements":"At least 50 mph over limit OR 100+ mph in a manner threatening people/property or interfering with vehicle operation.","notes":"Record measured speed, limit and required safety facts for the applicable alternative. Repeat penalties differ.","keywords":"speeding 100 mph 50 over excessive fast speed","searchPhrases":"excessive speeding;100 mph;50 over","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.1922","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.1922.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Refusal of lawful breath / urine test","citation":"F.S. 316.1939","section":"316.1939","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"M2 first refusal; M1 second/subsequent","summary":"Refusing a qualifying lawfully requested test after required warnings.","plainEnglish":"A qualifying refusal can become criminal when the listed prior-refusal and warning requirements apply. Refusing a test is not automatically a standalone criminal offense in every case.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"The test request and probable-cause/arrest circumstances meet the applicable statute."},{"text":"Required refusal warnings are given."},{"text":"A qualifying prior refusal-related suspension/fine or other prior condition applies to the selected criminal alternative."},{"text":"After the warnings, refuse the covered lawful test; check the incident-date version and test-specific rules."}]},"requirements":"DUI probable cause, required lawful arrest/exception, lawful breath/urine request, statutory license/criminal warnings, then refusal.","notes":"Not limited to repeat refusals under the checked edition. Confirm every statutory prerequisite and implied-consent procedure.","keywords":"refuse refused breathalyzer breath urine test dui refusal","searchPhrases":"refused breath test;refused breathalyzer;refused lawful urine test","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.1939","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.1939.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Disorderly intoxication","citation":"F.S. 856.011","section":"856.011","categories":["Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Second-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Intoxication causing danger, or public intoxication/drinking causing disturbance.","plainEnglish":"Being intoxicated alone is not the whole offense. The statute also requires the specified danger to others or qualifying public disturbance alternative.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Be intoxicated."},{"text":"Endanger the safety of another person or property."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Be intoxicated or drink alcohol in a public place/conveyance."},{"text":"Cause the statutory public disturbance."}]}]},"requirements":"Intoxicated and endangering another\u0027s safety/property; OR intoxicated/drinking in a public place/conveyance and causing public disturbance.","notes":"Intoxication alone is not sufficient. Statute permits listed transportation/treatment alternatives.","keywords":"drunk intoxicated public disturbance alcohol belligerent","searchPhrases":"drunk public disturbance;intoxicated endangering public;drunk and disorderly","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/856.011","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0856/Sections/0856.011.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Disorderly conduct / breach of peace","citation":"F.S. 877.03","section":"877.03","categories":["Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Second-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Fighting or conduct constituting a legally recognized breach of peace.","plainEnglish":"Specified disruptive conduct can qualify, but constitutional limits protect ordinary speech and criticism. Describe the actual conduct and disturbance rather than merely that someone was loud or offensive.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Conduct fits a specific statutory breach-of-peace/disorder alternative."},{"text":"It meets controlling constitutional and judicial limits; mere offensive/protected speech is insufficient."}]},"requirements":"Brawling/fighting or another statutory act as narrowed by controlling constitutional case law.","notes":"Offensive words, criticism or filming police alone do not establish this offense; assess protected speech and actual conduct.","keywords":"fighting brawl disorderly disturbance yelling peace","searchPhrases":"public brawl;breach of peace;disorderly public fight","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/877.03","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0877/Sections/0877.03.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Loitering or prowling","citation":"F.S. 856.021","section":"856.021","categories":["Public order \u0026 alcohol","Burglary \u0026 trespass"],"grade":"Second-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Unusual prowling circumstances creating reasonable immediate safety alarm.","plainEnglish":"Unusual presence must be accompanied by the statutory safety-alarm circumstances and required inquiry process. Being outside at night or looking unfamiliar alone is insufficient.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Loiter/prowl at a place/time or in a manner not usual for law-abiding individuals."},{"text":"Circumstances warrant justifiable and reasonable alarm/immediate concern for nearby safety."},{"text":"Comply with the required opportunity for identification/explanation unless impracticable; explanation does not dispel the statutory alarm."}]},"requirements":"Unusual place/time/manner plus justifiable reasonable alarm or immediate safety concern for nearby people/property.","notes":"Unless impracticable, give the required opportunity to identify/explain and dispel alarm before arrest. Mere presence/refusal alone is insufficient.","keywords":"prowling loitering suspicious hiding peeking cars night","searchPhrases":"prowling between cars at night;hiding around buildings;loitering prowling","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/856.021","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0856/Sections/0856.021.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Alcohol possession under age 21","citation":"F.S. 562.111","section":"562.111","categories":["Public order \u0026 alcohol","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults"],"grade":"M2 first; M1 subsequent","summary":"Under-21 alcohol possession outside statutory exceptions.","plainEnglish":"Possessing alcohol while under 21 can qualify, subject to the statute’s exceptions. Establish age, actual possession and the applicable exception rather than just presence around alcohol.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Person is under 21."},{"text":"Actually/constructively possess an alcoholic beverage as prohibited."},{"text":"No applicable employment, educational or other statutory exception."}]},"requirements":"Age under 21 plus possession of alcoholic beverage without an applicable exception.","notes":"Employment and supervised educational tasting exceptions exist. Review any applicable immunity and juvenile procedures.","keywords":"underage drinking alcohol beer liquor minor 21","searchPhrases":"underage possession of beer;minor possessing liquor;under 21 alcohol","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/562.111","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0500-0599/0562/Sections/0562.111.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Animal cruelty","citation":"F.S. 828.12(1)","section":"828.12(1)","categories":["Animals \u0026 environment"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Unnecessary animal suffering, deprivation or cruel transport.","plainEnglish":"Unnecessarily mistreating or harming an animal can qualify under the listed alternatives. Establish the act, animal condition and applicable exemptions rather than relying on disapproval of pet care alone.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"An animal is involved."},{"text":"Unnecessarily overload/overdrive, torment, deprive of necessary sustenance/shelter, or commit another act listed in 828.12(1)."},{"text":"Establish the selected act’s mental state and unlawful/unnecessary circumstances."}]},"requirements":"Listed unnecessary torment/mutilation/killing, deprivation of needed sustenance/shelter or cruel/inhumane carriage, or causing it.","notes":"Document animal condition, care and causation; compare aggravated cruelty.","keywords":"dog cat animal abuse starving no food shelter cruel","searchPhrases":"cruel treatment of animal;abused dog;starving animal","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/828.12","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0828/Sections/0828.12.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Aggravated animal cruelty","citation":"F.S. 828.12(2)","section":"828.12(2)","categories":["Animals \u0026 environment"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Acts or custodial failures causing cruel death or excessive/repeated unnecessary suffering.","plainEnglish":"Intentional conduct or specified failures causing the listed severe suffering or death can carry a felony grade. The facts supporting aggravation and causation matter.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"An animal is involved."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intentionally commit an act resulting in cruel death or excessive/repeated unnecessary pain or suffering."},{"text":"As owner/custodian, fail to act and thereby cause the listed cruel death or excessive/repeated unnecessary suffering."}]}]},"requirements":"Intentional act, or owner\u0027s/custodian\u0027s failure to act, resulting in cruel death or excessive/repeated unnecessary pain/suffering, or causing the same.","notes":"Assess custody/control and causation. Torture, repeats, and minors have further provisions.","keywords":"torture kill killed animal dog cat aggravated cruelty","searchPhrases":"tortured dog;intentionally caused cruel animal death;repeated unnecessary animal suffering","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/828.12","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0828/Sections/0828.12.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Littering / illegal dumping","citation":"F.S. 403.413(4)-(6)","section":"403.413(4)-(6)","categories":["Animals \u0026 environment","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Civil or criminal; amount/purpose/location controls","summary":"Dumping litter in prohibited locations without authorization.","plainEnglish":"Dumping waste in prohibited places can be civil or criminal depending on the material, amount and circumstances. Record quantity, location, authorization and any commercial purpose.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Dump/dispose of statutory litter in a prohibited place without required permission/authorization."},{"text":"Establish material, quantity and any commercial or hazardous circumstances."},{"text":"Select the civil or criminal alternative that those facts support."}]},"requirements":"Unlawful dumping on listed public land/roads/waters or private land without required consent; apply weight/volume/commercial-purpose and other penalty provisions.","notes":"Do not apply one grade to all dumping. Special threatening litter and hazardous waste provisions exist.","keywords":"dump dumping trash garbage litter tires debris canal","searchPhrases":"dumped couch;dumped sofa;trash vacant lot;discarded tires;illegal waste disposal","entryType":"Mixed","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/403.413","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0400-0499/0403/Sections/0403.413.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Attempt / solicitation / conspiracy","citation":"F.S. 777.04","section":"777.04","categories":["Reference \u0026 procedure"],"grade":"Depends on underlying offense and statutory exceptions","summary":"Rules for incomplete offenses and criminal agreements/requests.","plainEnglish":"These provisions address trying to commit a crime, asking another to commit one, or making a criminal agreement. They have different requirements and need a specific underlying offense.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intent to commit a particular offense."},{"text":"An act toward its commission beyond mere preparation."},{"text":"Failure, interception or prevention under attempt rules."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intent that another commit a particular offense."},{"text":"Command, encourage, hire or request that offense as solicitation."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Agreement with another to commit a particular offense."},{"text":"Intent to carry out that unlawful agreement."}]}]},"requirements":"Attempt: act toward crime but failure/interception/prevention. Solicitation: command/encourage/hire/request specific criminal conduct. Conspiracy: agreement to commit an offense.","notes":"Use the underlying offense and subsection (4) grading rules; voluntary complete renunciation defense is defined in (5).","keywords":"attempt attempted tried conspiracy conspired solicit hired plan","searchPhrases":"hired someone to commit crime;criminal conspiracy;attempted offense;solicited murder","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/777.04","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0777/Sections/0777.04.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Principal / aiding and abetting","citation":"F.S. 777.011","section":"777.011","categories":["Reference \u0026 procedure"],"grade":"Liability for underlying offense","summary":"Assisting a committed or attempted crime can establish principal liability.","plainEnglish":"A person who intentionally helps commit an offense can be treated as a principal even without personally doing every act. Mere presence or knowledge is different from the required assistance and intent.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"REFERENCE","label":"","items":[{"text":"Liability rule tied to a particular underlying offense."},{"text":"Establish commission/attempt of that offense and the accused’s intentional assistance/participation under principal law."},{"text":"Mere presence or association does not establish principal liability."}]},"requirements":"Commit, aid, abet, counsel, hire or procure the offense and it is committed/attempted; apply intent requirements from controlling jury instructions/case law.","notes":"Presence at the scene is not required. Mere presence or association alone is not the full test.","keywords":"accomplice aider abettor helped lookout getaway driver principal","searchPhrases":"getaway driver;acted as lookout;helped another commit crime;aiding and abetting","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/777.011","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0777/Sections/0777.011.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"First-degree murder: premeditated","citation":"F.S. 782.04(1)(a)1.","section":"782.04(1)(a)1.","categories":["Homicide"],"grade":"Capital felony","summary":"Unlawful killing with premeditated design.","plainEnglish":"An unlawful killing with a formed intent to kill and the required premeditation can qualify. A death alone does not establish planning or rule out other homicide alternatives.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A human being dies."},{"text":"The accused’s unlawful act causes the death."},{"text":"A premeditated design to cause the death exists; review lawful/excusable homicide rules."}]},"requirements":"Unlawfully kill a human being with a premeditated design to cause that person\u0027s or another human being\u0027s death.","notes":"Distinct felony-murder and distribution-caused-death alternatives exist in this section. Evaluate lawful justification and specialist review.","keywords":"murder homicide killed intentional premeditated planned death","searchPhrases":"planned killing;premeditated murder;deliberately planned death","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/782.04","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0782/Sections/0782.04.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Second-degree murder: depraved mind","citation":"F.S. 782.04(2)","section":"782.04(2)","categories":["Homicide"],"grade":"First-degree felony punishable up to life","summary":"Unlawful killing by an imminently dangerous act showing a depraved mind.","plainEnglish":"An unlawful killing from the listed imminently dangerous conduct and depraved-mind state can qualify without premeditation. Establish the conduct and mental state through the specific facts.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A human being dies as a result of the accused’s unlawful act."},{"text":"The act is imminently dangerous to another and evinces the statutory depraved mind regardless of human life."}]},"requirements":"Kill through an act imminently dangerous to another and evincing a depraved mind regardless of human life, without premeditated design.","notes":"Not every reckless death meets this test. Assess controlling case law, causation and justification.","keywords":"murder homicide killed depraved mind shooting stabbing","searchPhrases":"depraved mind killing;imminently dangerous depraved act;second degree murder","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/782.04","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0782/Sections/0782.04.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Manslaughter","citation":"F.S. 782.07","section":"782.07","categories":["Homicide"],"grade":"Second-degree felony base; listed aggravated cases F1","summary":"Unjustified killing by act, procurement or culpable negligence.","plainEnglish":"An unlawful killing can be manslaughter under the covered act, procurement or culpable-negligence alternatives. Lawful justification, excusable homicide and other homicide statutes require separate review.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A human being dies."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Accused causes death by the covered act or procurement."},{"text":"Accused causes death by culpable negligence."}]},{"text":"Killing is not lawful/excusable under the applicable homicide rules."}]},"requirements":"Cause a human death by act/procurement/culpable negligence, outside lawful justification, excusable homicide or murder.","notes":"Listed vulnerable-victim/child/official culpable-negligence deaths have aggravated provisions.","keywords":"manslaughter killed death negligence accidental homicide","searchPhrases":"culpably negligent death;unlawful killing without premeditation;manslaughter","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/782.07","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0782/Sections/0782.07.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Vehicular homicide","citation":"F.S. 782.071","section":"782.071","categories":["Homicide","Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"F2 base; listed leaving-scene/prior cases F1","summary":"A death caused by seriously reckless motor-vehicle operation.","plainEnglish":"A death caused by operating a vehicle in the statutorily reckless manner can qualify. A fatal crash alone is not enough without the required driving standard and causation.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Operate a motor vehicle in the statutorily reckless manner likely to cause death/great bodily harm."},{"text":"That operation causes the death of another or the specified unborn child."}]},"requirements":"Motor-vehicle operation in a reckless manner likely to cause death or great bodily harm, causing death of a human or unborn child through injury to the mother.","notes":"Causation and heightened recklessness matter. Failure to give information/aid and specified priors increase grade.","keywords":"fatal crash reckless driving killed pedestrian vehicular homicide","searchPhrases":"reckless driving killed pedestrian;reckless fatal collision;vehicular homicide","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/782.071","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0782/Sections/0782.071.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Boating under the influence","citation":"F.S. 327.35(1)","section":"327.35(1)","categories":["Marine","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Criminal boating; priors/injury/death change grade","summary":"Operating a vessel while impaired or over the alcohol threshold.","plainEnglish":"Operating or controlling a covered vessel while impaired or at the prohibited alcohol level can qualify. Vessel operation, impairment and testing rules differ from simply drinking aboard a boat.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Operate or be in actual physical control of a vessel in Florida."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Alcohol/covered substance impairs normal faculties."},{"text":"Blood or breath alcohol meets the statutory 0.08 level."}]}]},"requirements":"Operate a vessel in Florida with normal faculties impaired by listed substances OR blood alcohol .08g/100mL or breath alcohol .08g/210L or higher.","notes":"Different from DUI actual-physical-control rules. Verify vessel operation, testing, priors and injury/death alternatives.","keywords":"bui boating drunk boat jet ski vessel impaired alcohol","searchPhrases":"drunk boat operator;impaired jet ski;boating intoxicated;bui","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/327.35","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0327/Sections/0327.35.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Misuse of 911 emergency services","citation":"F.S. 365.172(14)","section":"365.172(14)","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"M1 base; repeat/injury/death felony alternatives","summary":"False emergency reports or knowing misuse of 911 service.","plainEnglish":"Using emergency services in one of the prohibited ways can qualify. An honestly mistaken emergency report is different from the statute’s intentional misuse alternatives.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Use a covered 911/emergency communication system."},{"text":"Perform a specific knowing prohibited misuse under the selected alternative."},{"text":"Establish its falsity/nonemergency purpose or other required circumstances."}]},"requirements":"Access/cause access for false alarm/complaint/information capable of triggering emergency response; or knowing non-public-safety/fee-avoidance misuse.","notes":"Harm/death from the response and two qualifying priors change grade. Distinguish good-faith emergency requests.","keywords":"911 prank swatting false emergency repeated calls misuse","searchPhrases":"prank 911;swatting;false emergency;misuse 911","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/365.172","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0365/Sections/0365.172.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Leaving crash scene: unattended property","citation":"F.S. 316.063(1)","section":"316.063(1)","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"Second-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Failing to fulfill duties after damaging unattended property in a crash.","plainEnglish":"A driver who damages an unattended vehicle or property must follow the identification and notification rules. Driving away without making the required effort can be criminal.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Drive a vehicle that collides with/damages an unattended vehicle or other property."},{"text":"Fail the required stop, owner-location/notice or notification duties."},{"text":"Establish required knowledge and the precise duty failure."}]},"requirements":"Driver involved in a crash damaging an unattended vehicle/property must stop, locate/notify the owner or attach the required conspicuous written notice, and notify police without unnecessary delay.","notes":"Notice includes driver name/address and vehicle registration. Separate traffic-obstruction and autonomous-vehicle provisions apply.","keywords":"hit parked car parking lot left scene no note unattended fence mailbox","searchPhrases":"hit parked car;hit and run parked car;parking lot hit and run;hit empty vehicle left;struck parked vehicle left;parked car no note;unattended hit and run","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.063","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.063.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Open alcohol container in vehicle","citation":"F.S. 316.1936","section":"316.1936","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Noncriminal moving violation for operator; nonmoving for passenger","summary":"Possessing open alcohol or consuming it in the vehicle circumstances listed by statute.","plainEnglish":"An open alcoholic drink in a covered vehicle setting can violate traffic law even without DUI. Location, possession and passenger or vehicle exceptions matter.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A statutory open alcoholic-beverage container is possessed or consumed."},{"text":"Covered vehicle/road/possession circumstances apply."},{"text":"No applicable passenger/vehicle or other exception."}]},"requirements":"Operating/riding in an operating vehicle, or seated in/on a motor vehicle parked/stopped within a statutory road, with open alcohol or consumption, subject to exceptions.","notes":"Apply driver/passenger possession rules and authorized storage, transport and vehicle exceptions. Not automatically a criminal charge.","keywords":"open container beer bottle alcohol drinking passenger car","searchPhrases":"open container;open beer in car;drinking in car;passenger beer","entryType":"Civil / traffic","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.1936","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.1936.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Attaching unassigned license plate / sticker","citation":"F.S. 320.261","section":"320.261","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"Second-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Knowingly attaching a plate/sticker not assigned or lawfully transferred to that vehicle.","plainEnglish":"Putting a plate or validation sticker assigned elsewhere onto a vehicle can qualify when done for the prohibited purpose. A genuine tag can still be improperly assigned.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Attach a plate or validation sticker to a vehicle."},{"text":"It was not issued/assigned to that vehicle."},{"text":"Intent to knowingly obtain an unauthorized license-plate benefit or avoid a legal requirement under 320.261."}]},"requirements":"Knowingly attach a registration plate to a motor vehicle/mobile home, or a validation/mobile-home sticker to a plate, where not issued/assigned or lawfully transferred to the vehicle.","notes":"An incorrect plate alone does not establish knowledge or who attached it. Confirm lawful transfer status.","keywords":"switched swapped wrong plate tag sticker registration attached another car","searchPhrases":"switched tag;swapped plate;wrong tag;tag not assigned;license plate from another car","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/320.261","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0320/Sections/0320.261.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Fraudulent driver license / identification card","citation":"F.S. 322.212(1), (5)-(6)","section":"322.212(1), (5)-(6)","categories":["Fraud \u0026 identity","Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"F3 base; listed false-age/altered-birthdate alternatives M2","summary":"Knowingly possessing/displaying or supplying prohibited licenses/ID cards.","plainEnglish":"Making, altering, possessing or using a false license or ID can fall under different alternatives. Identify the document and precise knowing or fraudulent act before choosing the subsection.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A covered driver license/identification document is involved."},{"text":"Perform the specific prohibited making, alteration, possession, sale or use act."},{"text":"Establish that subsection’s knowledge/fraud circumstances; match the document and act to its grade."}]},"requirements":"Identify the subsection: knowing possession/display of a covered forged/stolen/fictitious/counterfeit/unlawfully issued license/ID, unlawful supply, or listed application/alteration offense.","notes":"Authorized possession and lawful possession/display of another person\u0027s card differ. Altered date of birth/false application age has a specific M2 alternative.","keywords":"fake id counterfeit forged drivers license identification false birthdate","searchPhrases":"fake id;fake license;counterfeit driver license;forged identification","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/322.212","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0322/Sections/0322.212.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Shooting / deadly missile into building or occupied vehicle","citation":"F.S. 790.19","section":"790.19","categories":["Weapons","Property damage \u0026 fire"],"grade":"Second-degree felony","summary":"Wantonly/maliciously shooting or projecting a dangerous object at listed targets.","plainEnglish":"Shooting or throwing a qualifying deadly object at the covered building or vehicle can be a distinct offense. Establish the target and statutory object and mental-state requirements.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Wantonly or maliciously shoot at/into, or throw/project a qualifying deadly missile."},{"text":"Target is the building, vehicle, vessel or other place covered by 790.19, including any required occupancy."}]},"requirements":"Wanton/malicious shooting at/within/into, or throwing/projecting a stone or other hard substance capable of death/great bodily harm at/within/in, a listed building, used/occupied vehicle, vessel or aircraft.","notes":"Buildings can be unoccupied. Vehicle-use/occupancy and the object\u0027s dangerous capability matter; not every thrown object meets the test.","keywords":"shot house shooting building rock brick bottle occupied car deadly missile","searchPhrases":"brick occupied vehicle;rock occupied van;shot into building;threw dangerous object at car","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/790.19","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.19.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"False bomb / violent-firearm report","citation":"F.S. 790.163(1)","section":"790.163(1)","categories":["Weapons","Officers \u0026 justice","Threats \u0026 assault"],"grade":"Second-degree felony","summary":"Falsely reporting explosives or violent firearm use to mislead.","plainEnglish":"Knowingly making a false report about a covered bomb or violent firearm threat can qualify. A good-faith report of something suspicious is different even when no threat is found.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Make a false report about the covered destructive-device or violent-firearm threat."},{"text":"Know the report is false."},{"text":"Establish the selected subsection’s intent and target/circumstances."}]},"requirements":"False report, with intent to deceive/mislead/misinform, about placing/planting a covered bomb/explosive/weapon of mass destruction or use of firearms violently against persons.","notes":"Different from an actual threat or good-faith emergency report. Preserve the communication and evidence of falsity/intent.","keywords":"fake bomb hoax school threat false shooting report swatting explosive","searchPhrases":"fake bomb report;false school shooting report;hoax explosive report","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/790.163","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.163.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Unsafe firearm storage: child access","citation":"F.S. 790.174","section":"790.174","categories":["Weapons","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults"],"grade":"M2 when subsection (2) circumstances are met","summary":"Unsafe storage resulting in a minor\u0027s prohibited public possession or exhibition.","plainEnglish":"Leaving a loaded gun accessible to a child can trigger this section when the listed storage and access circumstances are met. Review the actual storage precautions, access and exceptions.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Store/leave a loaded firearm within a minor’s reach/control or under circumstances where access is reasonably known to be likely."},{"text":"Fail the statutory secure-storage/trigger-lock precaution."},{"text":"For criminal liability, establish the selected provision’s actual child-access/carry/use and harm circumstances; review exceptions."}]},"requirements":"Loaded firearm on controlled premises with known/reasonably foreseeable unauthorized minor access, failure to secure as required, and resulting unauthorized/unsupervised minor possession/exhibition in public or prohibited manner.","notes":"Minor here means under 16. Close-proximity/body-carry and unlawful-entry exceptions apply. Injury/death has separate 784.05 provisions.","keywords":"loaded gun unlocked child access firearm storage safe lock","searchPhrases":"child accessed unlocked loaded gun;unsafe loaded firearm storage;unsecured gun minor access","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/790.174","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.174.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Firearm possession by minor under 18","citation":"F.S. 790.22(3), (5)","section":"790.22(3), (5)","categories":["Weapons","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults"],"grade":"M1 first; F3 second/subsequent under this section","summary":"A minor\u0027s firearm possession outside the statutory exceptions.","plainEnglish":"A minor’s firearm possession is restricted subject to listed hunting, shooting, supervision and other exceptions. Confirm the minor’s age, firearm and activity rather than treating every youth shooting activity as criminal.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Person is under 18."},{"text":"Possess a firearm under the prohibited alternative."},{"text":"No applicable hunting, shooting, supervision, transport or other statutory exception."}]},"requirements":"Under 18 possession, other than an unloaded firearm at home, without qualifying lawful hunting, shooting/practice or unloaded direct-transport exception.","notes":"Verify activity, age, adult supervision/consent and prior findings. Separate provisions address adults permitting possession and younger minors\u0027 BB/electric weapons.","keywords":"juvenile teen teenager minor handgun firearm gun possession","searchPhrases":"minor possessing handgun;juvenile with pistol;teenager with a gun","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/790.22","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.22.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Unauthorized tracking device / application","citation":"F.S. 934.425","section":"934.425","categories":["Cyber \u0026 privacy","Domestic related"],"grade":"F3 base; dangerous-crime facilitation F2","summary":"Nonconsensual installation or use of a tracking device/app.","plainEnglish":"Installing or using a tracker to monitor someone’s location without the required consent can qualify. Ownership, parental, investigative and other statutory exceptions need review.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Knowingly install/place/use a covered tracking device or application under 934.425."},{"text":"Track another person/location without the consent required by that alternative."},{"text":"No applicable ownership, parental, investigative or other statutory exception."}]},"requirements":"Knowing installation/placement on another\u0027s property without consent, or use to determine another person\u0027s/property\u0027s movement/location without consent, outside statutory exceptions.","notes":"Check presumed revocation of consent, court/law-enforcement authority, parental/caregiver, business and vehicle-owner exceptions. Device purpose and consent facts matter.","keywords":"airtag gps tracker location stalking hidden device app spyware tracking ex","searchPhrases":"airtag;air tag;gps tracker;tracking ex;hidden tracker;tracking without consent;spy app;stalkerware","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/934.425","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0900-0999/0934/Sections/0934.425.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Worthless checks / fraudulent deposits","citation":"F.S. 832.05(2)-(4)","section":"832.05(2)-(4)","categories":["Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"M1 or F3 depending on alternative/value","summary":"Knowingly issuing insufficient-fund payment instruments or fraudulently depositing items.","plainEnglish":"Issuing a check or making a deposit with the required knowledge and fraudulent intent can be criminal. A bank mistake, postdated arrangement or ordinary unpaid obligation is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Issue/obtain value through a check or deposit transaction covered by the selected subsection."},{"text":"Know the relevant insufficient-funds, lack-of-account or deposit falsity circumstance."},{"text":"Establish fraudulent intent and any demand/notice conditions applicable to that alternative."}]},"requirements":"Match knowing issuance/use of a covered insufficient-fund instrument, obtaining value that way, or cashing/depositing an item with intent to defraud.","notes":"Check contemporaneous knowledge, payee-notice and postdated-check exclusions, and subsection-specific $150/value rules. A bounced check alone is not sufficient.","keywords":"bad bounced check cheque worthless insufficient funds bank deposit kiting","searchPhrases":"bad check;bounced check;worthless check;check kiting","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/832.05","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0832/Sections/0832.05.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Fabricated crime report: no crime occurred","citation":"F.S. 817.49","section":"817.49","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"M1 base; response-related serious harm F3; death F2","summary":"Knowingly reporting a crime that did not occur.","plainEnglish":"Reporting a crime known not to have happened can qualify when done to mislead the authorities. A sincere but mistaken belief that a crime occurred is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Willfully convey/report to the covered official that a crime occurred."},{"text":"Know that no such crime was actually committed."},{"text":"Intent to mislead or cause the statutory investigation."}]},"requirements":"Willfully convey/cause false crime information to an officer/public-safety employee, knowing it is false, when the alleged crime has not actually been committed.","notes":"Compare 837.05 and 911 misuse. Harm/death enhancement requires the specified causal relationship to lawful response conduct.","keywords":"fabricated false report crime never happened lied police public safety","searchPhrases":"invented crime story;reported crime never happened;made up burglary report","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/817.49","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0817/Sections/0817.49.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Harming / interfering with police or rescue animal","citation":"F.S. 843.19","section":"843.19","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice","Animals \u0026 environment"],"grade":"M1 harassment/interference; F3 malicious touching/injury; F2 listed severe acts","summary":"Attacking or maliciously interfering with a covered working animal.","plainEnglish":"Covered conduct against a working police, fire or rescue animal can be criminal. Animal role, duty connection, the particular act and resulting harm affect the alternative.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Animal has the protected police/fire/search-and-rescue role."},{"text":"Duty/handler circumstances of the selected subsection apply."},{"text":"Perform its prohibited knowing/willful act; establish any injury/death required for that grade."}]},"requirements":"Match statutory police/fire/SAR canine or police horse status and the applicable intentional/knowing malicious interference/touching, or unjustified severe-injury/death/deadly-weapon alternative.","notes":"Performance-of-duties requirement applies to harassment/interference. Confirm the exact act, intent and animal status.","keywords":"k9 canine police dog horse rescue dog hit kick tease interfere","searchPhrases":"kicked police dog;attacked k9;interfered with rescue dog","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/843.19","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0843/Sections/0843.19.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Food / lodging obtained with fraudulent intent","citation":"F.S. 509.151","section":"509.151","categories":["Fraud \u0026 identity","Theft \u0026 robbery"],"grade":"M2 under $1,000; F3 $1,000+","summary":"Obtaining covered food or lodging with intent to defraud.","plainEnglish":"Getting covered lodging or food through deliberate fraud can qualify. An inability to pay discovered later or a good-faith billing disagreement does not by itself establish fraudulent intent.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Obtain covered food, lodging or accommodation at a covered establishment."},{"text":"Intent to defraud its operator."},{"text":"Use the prohibited nonpayment/fraud alternative, rather than a mere honest billing dispute."}]},"requirements":"Obtain food/lodging/accommodations from a public food-service or transient establishment with intent to defraud its operator; determine value.","notes":"Written agreements delaying payment are excluded. Cannot circumvent residential landlord/tenant procedures; inability to pay alone does not prove intent.","keywords":"dine dash restaurant bill hotel motel food innkeeper unpaid meal","searchPhrases":"dine and dash;dined and dashed;left without paying;ran out on restaurant bill;defrauding innkeeper","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/509.151","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0500-0599/0509/Sections/0509.151.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Miami-Dade noise complaint: code reference","citation":"Miami-Dade Code 21-28","section":"21-28","categories":["Miami-Dade local references","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Local reference; confirm current codified rule and remedy","summary":"County noise rules address unreasonably loud, excessive, unnecessary or unusual sound.","plainEnglish":"Use this card to locate the county’s noise rules. Whether a sound violates them depends on the current location, time, sound and exception rules; this reference does not establish a criminal charge.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"REFERENCE","label":"","items":[{"text":"Reference only; verify current 21-28 and authorized remedy."},{"text":"Confirm county territorial scope and the specific noise, time, location and exception provisions."}]},"requirements":"Identify the prohibited noise activity, source, location, time and applicable current standard. The county has amended device/vessel noise rules in 2026; obtain current codified text before applying a distance or time threshold.","notes":"This is a routing/reference card, not a complete elements card. Confirm county versus municipal enforcement, exemptions, preemption and remedy. Linked county legislative record identifies the final adopted version by file number.","keywords":"noise complaint loud music party neighbor boat construction","searchPhrases":"neighbor loud music;noise from house;unreasonably loud party","entryType":"Local rule / reference","coverage":"Routing reference","applicability":"Miami-Dade County; confirm the rule-specific geographic and facility scope","source":"https://www.miamidade.gov/govaction/matter.asp?file=true\u0026fileAnalysis=false\u0026matter=260237\u0026yearFolder=Y2026","alternateSource":null,"sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Miami-Dade local reference","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Miami-Dade dog at large: code reference","citation":"Miami-Dade Code 5-20","section":"5-20","categories":["Miami-Dade local references","Animals \u0026 environment"],"grade":"Local animal-control reference; confirm current code","summary":"Section 5-20 is the county code reference for dogs at large and related control rules.","plainEnglish":"A loose dog may fall under county animal-control rules. Confirm current restraint rules, the place, exceptions and authorized citation procedure before choosing a remedy.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"REFERENCE","label":"","items":[{"text":"Reference only; verify current 5-20 and Animal Services enforcement authority."},{"text":"Confirm the dog’s restraint, location, owner responsibility and applicable exceptions."}]},"requirements":"Determine the responsible party, location and restraint/control facts. Confirm the current codified subsection, service-animal/law-enforcement exceptions and enforcement procedure.","notes":"This card routes to the county code; it is not a complete elements or penalty card. Use current code and Animal Services procedure for citations.","keywords":"loose dog leash unleashed running stray animal","searchPhrases":"dog roaming free;dog outside yard;dog off leash;unleashed dog;dog running loose","entryType":"Local rule / reference","coverage":"Routing reference","applicability":"Miami-Dade County; confirm the rule-specific geographic and facility scope","source":"https://library.municode.com/fl/miami_-_dade_county/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIIICOOR_CH5ANFO","alternateSource":null,"sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Miami-Dade local reference","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"County park after-hours / closed-area rules","citation":"Miami-Dade Code 26-1, Rule 13","section":"26-1, Rule 13","categories":["Miami-Dade local references","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Local park rule; verify current remedy","summary":"County park rules restrict after-hours presence and entry into closed areas.","plainEnglish":"County parks can restrict access to closed facilities or after posted hours. Confirm that this is a county-controlled location and that the particular closure and exception rules apply.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"REFERENCE","label":"","items":[{"text":"Confirm county park/facility jurisdiction."},{"text":"Verify the current hours/closure, notice, permission and exact Rule 13 restriction."},{"text":"Confirm current remedy and authority before enforcement."}]},"requirements":"Confirm county park jurisdiction, gates or posted hours and prohibited presence/remaining. Check permitted access, direct passage, 24-hour boat-launch areas, posted exceptions and official-duty exceptions.","notes":"Official county rules summary is linked. Municipal parks may use different rules; do not assume county ownership.","keywords":"park closed after hours night sunset trespass gates","searchPhrases":"county park closed at night;inside park after closing;county park after hours","entryType":"Local rule / reference","coverage":"Routing reference","applicability":"Miami-Dade County; confirm the rule-specific geographic and facility scope","source":"https://www.miamidade.gov/global/recreation/rules-regulations.page","alternateSource":null,"sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Miami-Dade local reference","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"County park camping / overnight stay","citation":"Miami-Dade Code 26-1, Rule 25","section":"26-1, Rule 25","categories":["Miami-Dade local references","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Local park rule; verify current remedy","summary":"County park overnight stays and camping require authorization.","plainEnglish":"Sleeping or camping in a county park can require authorization under the applicable rules. Check the facility, permitted area and permission rather than treating every person resting there as a violator.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"REFERENCE","label":"","items":[{"text":"Confirm county park jurisdiction and current Rule 25."},{"text":"Identify covered overnight/camping conduct and lack of required authorization."},{"text":"Verify current exception, remedy and authorized enforcer."}]},"requirements":"Confirm county park location and camping/overnight occupancy without required park authorization. Check designated areas and permits.","notes":"A park-specific rule; assess applicable shelter, public-space and constitutional requirements separately before enforcement.","keywords":"camp camping tent overnight sleeping park trailer","searchPhrases":"overnight county park without permission;sleeping overnight in county park;unauthorized park camping","entryType":"Local rule / reference","coverage":"Routing reference","applicability":"Miami-Dade County; confirm the rule-specific geographic and facility scope","source":"https://www.miamidade.gov/global/recreation/rules-regulations.page","alternateSource":null,"sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Miami-Dade local reference","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Voyeurism / peeping","citation":"F.S. 810.14","section":"810.14","categories":["Sexual offenses","Cyber \u0026 privacy"],"grade":"M1 first; F3 after two qualifying priors","summary":"Secretly watching a person or intimate area protected by privacy.","plainEnglish":"Secretly watching someone in a protected private setting for the prohibited indecent purpose can qualify. Device recording is a separate issue covered by digital-voyeurism law.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Secretly observe a person/body area in a statutory protected setting."},{"text":"The victim has the required reasonable privacy expectation."},{"text":"Act with the prohibited lewd, lascivious or indecent intent."}]},"requirements":"Lewd, lascivious or indecent intent plus secret observation in a dwelling, structure or conveyance where the specified privacy expectation exists.","notes":"Compare digital voyeurism when a device records or broadcasts. Check qualifying prior convictions or delinquency adjudications.","keywords":"peeping tom peep window secretly watched undressing privacy","searchPhrases":"peeping tom;watching someone undress;peeked through bedroom window","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/810.14","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0810/Sections/0810.14.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Credit card theft / retaining a lost card","citation":"F.S. 817.60(1)-(2)","section":"817.60(1)-(2)","categories":["Fraud \u0026 identity","Theft \u0026 robbery"],"grade":"M1 under 817.67(1)","summary":"Taking a card without consent, or retaining a known lost card with prohibited intent.","plainEnglish":"Taking a card without permission, or keeping a known lost card with prohibited intent, can qualify before any purchase occurs. Merely finding a card is different from intending to use, sell or transfer it unlawfully.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Take another’s credit card without consent."},{"text":"Intent to use/sell/transfer it other than to issuer/cardholder."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Knowingly receive a stolen card or retain a card known lost/misdelivered."},{"text":"Intent to use/sell/transfer it other than to issuer/cardholder."}]}]},"requirements":"Take another\u0027s credit card without consent; alternatively knowingly receive a stolen card, or retain a known lost/misdelivered card, with intent to use, sell or transfer it other than to issuer/cardholder.","notes":"Use of the card is a separate issue. Finding a card alone is not enough for the lost-card alternative; definitions and intent matter.","keywords":"stolen credit debit card found retained wallet bank","searchPhrases":"stolen credit card;stolen bank card;card stolen never used;found card kept;kept stolen card;found debit card kept it;took credit card without permission;kept a lost credit card","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/817.60","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0817/Sections/0817.60.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Unauthorized possession of identification information","citation":"F.S. 817.5685","section":"817.5685","categories":["Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"M1 for 1-4 persons; F3 for 5 or more","summary":"Knowingly holding another person\u0027s protected identification information without authorization.","plainEnglish":"Knowingly holding another person’s protected identifying data without authorization can qualify. Legitimate family, business and other statutory reasons for possessing it require separate consideration.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intentionally/knowingly possess another’s listed identifying information."},{"text":"Lack that person’s authorization."},{"text":"Apply person-count grade and statutory exceptions/defenses."}]},"requirements":"Intentional or knowing unauthorized possession of the listed personal identification information, including documents or digital data; count affected individuals.","notes":"Family/guardian, government, ordinary business and prompt return exceptions apply. Reasonable-belief and public-source affirmative defenses are listed.","keywords":"social security numbers ssn identity documents bank numbers stolen identities","searchPhrases":"possessing other peoples social security numbers;bag of stolen identities;unauthorized identification information","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/817.5685","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0817/Sections/0817.5685.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Perjury in an official proceeding","citation":"F.S. 837.02","section":"837.02","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"F3 base; F2 in capital-felony prosecution proceeding","summary":"A materially false statement under oath in an official proceeding.","plainEnglish":"Deliberately giving a materially false statement under oath in a covered proceeding can be perjury. An unsworn lie, honest error or immaterial detail is a different issue.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Make a statement under oath."},{"text":"It is in an official proceeding and concerns a material matter."},{"text":"The speaker does not believe the statement to be true."}]},"requirements":"Statement under oath in an official proceeding about a material matter, which the speaker does not believe true; identify any capital-prosecution alternative.","notes":"An unsworn lie is different. Verify the proceeding, oath, materiality, and applicable recantation provisions.","keywords":"lied oath sworn testimony court deposition perjury","searchPhrases":"lied under oath;false testimony in court;perjury","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/837.02","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0837/Sections/0837.02.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Open house party with underage alcohol / drugs","citation":"F.S. 856.015","section":"856.015","categories":["Public order \u0026 alcohol","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults"],"grade":"M2 first; M1 repeat or specified injury/death","summary":"An adult controlling a residence allows known underage alcohol or drug activity without reasonable preventive steps.","plainEnglish":"An adult controlling a residence can violate this law by knowingly allowing the covered underage alcohol or drug activity without reasonable preventive steps. Simply attending the gathering does not establish control.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Person is at least 18 and controls the residence."},{"text":"A statutory open house party occurs there."},{"text":"Know a minor possesses/consumes covered alcohol or drugs there."},{"text":"Fail to take reasonable preventive steps; review religious-observance exception."}]},"requirements":"Person 18 or older controls the residence; a social gathering occurs; knows a minor possesses/consumes alcohol or a controlled drug there; fails to take reasonable steps to prevent it.","notes":"Religious-observance exception applies. Presence at a party alone does not establish control, knowledge or failure to act.","keywords":"teen house party underage drinking host adult beer residence","searchPhrases":"adult allowed teen drinking party;underage house party;open house party","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/856.015","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0856/Sections/0856.015.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Giving / selling alcohol to a person under 21","citation":"F.S. 562.11(1)(a)","section":"562.11(1)(a)","categories":["Public order \u0026 alcohol","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults"],"grade":"M2 base; M1 qualifying repeat within one year","summary":"Providing alcohol to someone below the legal drinking age.","plainEnglish":"Providing alcohol to someone under 21 can qualify under the relevant sale, gift or service alternative. Check identification defenses, role-specific rules and statutory exceptions.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Recipient is under 21."},{"text":"Sell/give/serve or allow covered alcohol service/consumption under the selected alternative."},{"text":"Apply its role, identification-defense and statutory exception rules."}]},"requirements":"Sell, give, serve or permit alcohol service to a person under 21, or permit underage consumption on licensed premises, under the applicable alternative.","notes":"Check statutory good-faith identification defenses and instructional-curriculum exception. Employee-specific provisions differ.","keywords":"bought beer minor furnished alcohol underage bartender serve","searchPhrases":"bought beer for a minor;gave alcohol to teenager;sold alcohol to underage customer","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/562.11","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0500-0599/0562/Sections/0562.11.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Disruption of school / school board functions","citation":"F.S. 877.13","section":"877.13","categories":["Schools \u0026 juveniles","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Second-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Knowing interference with educational or school-board functions.","plainEnglish":"Knowingly interfering with covered school functions can qualify. Document actual disruption; ordinary disagreement, protected speech and routine student discipline are different questions.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Covered educational or school-board function/attendance is involved."},{"text":"Knowingly disrupt/interfere with it, or commit another specifically listed act."},{"text":"Establish actual statutory interference and applicable constitutional limits."}]},"requirements":"Match knowing disruption of lawful institutional/board functions, counseling disruption, attendance interference or the specified conspiracy alternative.","notes":"Document actual interference and mental state. Protected speech and ordinary school discipline require separate analysis.","keywords":"school disruption classroom interference board meeting","searchPhrases":"disrupting school function;disrupted classroom;interfering with school attendance","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/877.13","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0877/Sections/0877.13.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Affray / mutual public fighting","citation":"F.S. 870.01(1)","section":"870.01(1)","categories":["Public order \u0026 alcohol","Battery \u0026 injury"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Mutual fighting in public that terrifies people.","plainEnglish":"Mutual fighting in a public place can be an affray when it causes the required public terror. A private fight or merely arguing in public does not automatically meet that definition.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Fight another person by mutual consent."},{"text":"In a public place."},{"text":"To the terror of the people."}]},"requirements":"Fighting with another by mutual consent in a public place, to the terror of the people.","notes":"Distinguish battery, defensive conduct and mere argument. A public location alone does not establish all elements.","keywords":"mutual combat public fight affray street fighting crowd terror","searchPhrases":"mutual fight in public;affray;two people fighting in street","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/870.01","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0870/Sections/0870.01.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Riot / violent public disturbance","citation":"F.S. 870.01(2)-(3)","section":"870.01(2)-(3)","categories":["Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"F3 riot; F2 aggravated rioting","summary":"Participating in a qualifying violent group disturbance.","plainEnglish":"Willful participation in a qualifying violent group disturbance can be criminal. Peaceful protest, observation or being nearby is different from the required participation and common intent.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Willfully participate in a violent public disturbance of at least three people."},{"text":"Share the required common intent to assist violent/disorderly conduct."},{"text":"The disturbance results in injury, property damage or imminent danger of either; apply controlling interpretation."}]},"requirements":"Willful participation in a violent public disturbance of at least three people with common intent to assist violent/disorderly conduct, resulting in injury, damage or imminent danger of either.","notes":"Presence or peaceful protest alone is insufficient. Aggravated alternatives and controlling judicial interpretation require review.","keywords":"riot rioting violent crowd group disturbance","searchPhrases":"violent public riot;rioting crowd;riot","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/870.01","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0870/Sections/0870.01.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Threat involving a destructive device","citation":"F.S. 790.162","section":"790.162","categories":["Weapons","Threats \u0026 assault"],"grade":"Second-degree felony","summary":"Threatening use of a destructive device with harmful intent.","plainEnglish":"Threatening to use a qualifying explosive or destructive device with the required harmful intent can qualify. This is different from reporting a fabricated threat or displaying a fake device.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Threaten to throw/project/place/discharge a statutory destructive device."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intent to harm a person."},{"text":"Intent to damage another’s property."}]}]},"requirements":"Threat to throw, project, place or discharge a destructive device, with intent to harm a person or damage another person\u0027s property.","notes":"Distinguish a false report under 790.163. Confirm the statutory device definition and evidence of intent.","keywords":"bomb threat explosive destructive device blow up","searchPhrases":"threatened to plant a bomb;threat to blow up building;destructive device threat","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/790.162","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.162.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"False fire alarm","citation":"F.S. 806.101","section":"806.101","categories":["Property damage \u0026 fire","Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"M1 first conviction; F3 subsequent conviction","summary":"Raising or circulating a false fire alarm without reasonable cause.","plainEnglish":"Setting off or spreading a fire alarm without reasonable cause can be criminal. An alarm based on a reasonable belief that a fire exists is different from a prank.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Make/circulate or cause circulation of a false fire alarm."},{"text":"Without reasonable cause; use the applicable prior-conviction grade."}]},"requirements":"Make or circulate, or cause circulation of, a false fire alarm without reasonable cause, by a shout, alarm mechanism or other means.","notes":"Distinguish a reasonable good-faith report. Verify qualifying prior conviction for the felony alternative.","keywords":"pulled fire alarm prank false fire smoke alarm hoax","searchPhrases":"pulled fire alarm as a prank;fake fire alarm;false fire alarm","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/806.101","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0806/Sections/0806.101.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Interfering with firefighting / fire equipment","citation":"F.S. 806.10","section":"806.10","categories":["Property damage \u0026 fire","Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Obstructing firefighting or interfering with fire-response equipment.","plainEnglish":"The statute covers specified interference with fire equipment and firefighters carrying out duties. Identify the willful conduct and actual equipment or duty connection.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Interfere with covered fire equipment/facilities."},{"text":"Willful and malicious conduct under that alternative."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A firefighter is performing duty."},{"text":"Willfully or unreasonably interfere/hinder/assault or attempt covered interference."}]}]},"requirements":"Match willful and malicious interference with listed fire equipment/facilities, or willful or unreasonable interference, hindrance, assault or attempted interference with a firefighter performing duty.","notes":"Identify the applicable subsection and actual duty or equipment connection. Compare other officer/worker protections.","keywords":"firefighter hose hydrant blocked fire engine equipment interference","searchPhrases":"blocked firefighters working;damaged fire hose;interfering with firefighting","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/806.10","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0806/Sections/0806.10.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Careless driving","citation":"F.S. 316.1925","section":"316.1925","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Traffic infractions"],"grade":"Noncriminal moving violation","summary":"Driving without the care the road and traffic conditions require.","plainEnglish":"Driving without the reasonable care the road conditions require can be a traffic violation. The criminal reckless-driving standard requires a different degree of disregard for safety.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Operate a vehicle on a street/highway."},{"text":"Fail reasonable care/prudence in light of the specified road/traffic conditions."},{"text":"Thereby endanger life, limb or property."}]},"requirements":"Operate on a street or highway without reasonable care and prudence considering width, grade, curves, traffic and other conditions, so as to endanger persons or property.","notes":"Different from reckless driving\u0027s willful or wanton standard. Record concrete driving conduct and conditions.","keywords":"careless inattentive driving unsafe prudent","searchPhrases":"careless driving;inattentive unsafe driving;failed to drive carefully","entryType":"Civil / traffic","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.1925","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.1925.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Disobeying lawful traffic direction","citation":"F.S. 316.072(3)","section":"316.072(3)","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"Second-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Willfully refusing a lawful traffic-related direction from a covered official.","plainEnglish":"Willfully refusing a covered official’s lawful traffic direction can be a misdemeanor. This section concerns traffic authority rather than every request an official makes.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A listed official is exercising covered lawful traffic authority."},{"text":"A lawful traffic-related order/direction is given."},{"text":"Willfully fail/refuse to obey it."}]},"requirements":"Willful failure/refusal to obey a lawful order/direction of a listed law-enforcement, traffic-enforcement, crash-investigation or fire-department official, within the traffic statute\u0027s scope.","notes":"Not a general power to criminalize refusal of any request. Confirm official status, lawful authority and traffic context.","keywords":"ignored traffic officer direction refused traffic command","searchPhrases":"refused officers traffic direction;ignored traffic control officer","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.072","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.072.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Disobeying an official traffic control device","citation":"F.S. 316.074","section":"316.074","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Traffic infractions"],"grade":"Noncriminal moving violation","summary":"Ignoring an applicable official traffic device or cutting through to avoid it.","plainEnglish":"Drivers generally must obey applicable official traffic devices, subject to lawful officer directions and exceptions. Cutting through a property to evade the device is also specifically addressed.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A driver encounters a lawful applicable official traffic device."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Fail to obey its required direction."},{"text":"Drive roadway-to-roadway to evade the indicated control."}]},{"text":"Review device visibility/placement and statutory exceptions."}]},"requirements":"Driver fails to obey an official applicable device placed according to law, or drives roadway-to-roadway to evade indicated control.","notes":"Check visibility, legibility, placement, officer direction and emergency-vehicle exceptions; use a specific signal/sign statute where appropriate.","keywords":"traffic sign device cut through gas station avoid light","searchPhrases":"cut through gas station to avoid light;disobey traffic control device","entryType":"Civil / traffic","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.074","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.074.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Stop sign violation","citation":"F.S. 316.123(2)","section":"316.123(2)","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Traffic infractions"],"grade":"Noncriminal moving violation","summary":"Failing to stop or yield as required at a stop intersection.","plainEnglish":"A driver must stop at the proper place and then yield as required. A rolling stop and failing to yield after a complete stop are different facts to document.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Driver approaches a covered stop-sign intersection."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Fail to stop at the legally required location."},{"text":"After stopping, fail to yield as required by the applicable intersection rule."}]}]},"requirements":"Stop at the marked line, otherwise before the near crosswalk, otherwise at the nearest point with an approaching-traffic view; then yield to immediate hazards. Apply four-way priority rules.","notes":"Officer or traffic-signal direction can control instead. Distinguish failure to stop from failure to yield after stopping.","keywords":"ran stop sign rolling stop intersection","searchPhrases":"ran stop sign;rolling stop;did not stop at stop sign","entryType":"Civil / traffic","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.123","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.123.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Yield sign violation","citation":"F.S. 316.123(3)","section":"316.123(3)","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Traffic infractions"],"grade":"Noncriminal moving violation","summary":"Failing to slow or yield at a yield-controlled intersection.","plainEnglish":"A yield sign requires slowing and yielding, with a stop when safety requires it. Unlike a stop sign, it does not require stopping in every circumstance.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Driver approaches a covered yield-sign intersection."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Fail to slow to a reasonable speed or stop when safety requires."},{"text":"Fail to yield to an immediate hazard as required."}]}]},"requirements":"Approach a yield sign at a reasonable speed and stop if safety requires; yield to vehicles posing an immediate hazard on the intersecting roadway.","notes":"A yield sign does not always require a stop. Evaluate approach speed, visibility and conflicting traffic.","keywords":"yield sign failed right of way intersection","searchPhrases":"failed to yield at yield sign;ignored yield sign","entryType":"Civil / traffic","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.123","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.123.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Child restraint / car seat violation","citation":"F.S. 316.613","section":"316.613","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Traffic infractions","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults"],"grade":"Noncriminal moving violation","summary":"Transporting a young child without the required approved restraint.","plainEnglish":"Young children must use the approved restraint required for their age in covered vehicles. Confirm age, vehicle type and applicable exceptions instead of relying only on height or appearance.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Transport a child age five or younger in a covered vehicle on a roadway."},{"text":"The child lacks the approved restraint required for the age group."},{"text":"No applicable vehicle, medical or other statutory exception."}]},"requirements":"Operator transports child age five or younger in a covered vehicle on a roadway without proper crash-tested federally approved restraint: carrier/integrated seat through age three; approved seat or booster for ages four-five.","notes":"Check covered-vehicle exclusions and age-four/five seat-belt exceptions for specified nonfamily, emergency or documented medical transport.","keywords":"baby toddler booster carseat infant child seat","searchPhrases":"child safety seat;child safety restraint;child booster seat;baby safety seat;baby without car seat;no booster seat;child restraint violation","entryType":"Civil / traffic","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.613","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.613.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Safety belt violation","citation":"F.S. 316.614","section":"316.614","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Traffic infractions"],"grade":"Noncriminal nonmoving violation","summary":"Required occupants are not properly belted.","plainEnglish":"Covered drivers and passengers must use seat belts under the age and seating rules. The responsible person and violation type depend on who was unrestrained.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A covered vehicle is moving."},{"text":"A required driver/occupant is not properly belted under the selected age/seating alternative."},{"text":"No applicable statutory exemption."}]},"requirements":"Covered vehicle/autocycle operator is unbelted, operator transports an unrestrained person under 18, or an adult front-seat passenger is unbelted while moving, under the applicable subsection.","notes":"Check medical, delivery/collection, vehicle and other statutory exceptions. Child-seat rules also apply.","keywords":"seatbelt seat belt buckle unbuckled passenger","searchPhrases":"not wearing seatbelt;unbuckled front passenger;no seat belt","entryType":"Civil / traffic","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.614","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.614.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Texting while driving","citation":"F.S. 316.305","section":"316.305","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Traffic infractions"],"grade":"Nonmoving first; moving qualifying repeat within five years","summary":"Manual nonvoice messaging while operating a moving vehicle.","plainEnglish":"Manually entering or reading covered nonvoice messages while operating a moving vehicle can violate this law. A stationary vehicle and the listed emergency, navigation and other exceptions differ.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Operate a moving motor vehicle."},{"text":"Manually type multiple characters or send/read covered nonvoice interpersonal communications on a wireless device."},{"text":"No applicable statutory exception; stationary vehicles are excluded."}]},"requirements":"Operate a motor vehicle while manually entering multiple characters or sending/reading nonvoice interpersonal communications on a covered wireless device.","notes":"Stationary vehicles are excluded. Review emergency, navigation, hands-free and other exceptions and the statute\u0027s device-search and evidence restrictions.","keywords":"texting driving email messaging cell phone distracted","searchPhrases":"texting while driving;reading text while driving;typing message behind wheel","entryType":"Civil / traffic","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.305","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.305.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Handheld phone in school / active work zone","citation":"F.S. 316.306","section":"316.306","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Traffic infractions","Schools \u0026 juveniles"],"grade":"Noncriminal moving violation","summary":"Handheld wireless-device use in a designated restricted zone.","plainEnglish":"Covered school and active work zones have additional restrictions on holding a wireless device while driving. Confirm zone status and the particular exception rules.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Operate in the specifically covered school or active work zone."},{"text":"Use a wireless device in a handheld manner prohibited there."},{"text":"Zone status/worker-presence requirements apply and no exception controls."}]},"requirements":"Operate a moving vehicle using a wireless device handheld in a designated school crossing, school zone or qualifying work zone; work-zone personnel must be present or operating equipment on/adjacent to the road.","notes":"Stationary, hands-free, emergency and other exceptions apply. Review required notice about declining device searches and evidence restrictions.","keywords":"phone handheld school crossing construction workers work zone","searchPhrases":"holding phone in school zone;handheld phone in construction zone","entryType":"Civil / traffic","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.306","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.306.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Failure to carry / exhibit a valid driver license","citation":"F.S. 322.15","section":"322.15","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Traffic infractions"],"grade":"Noncriminal nonmoving violation","summary":"A licensed driver fails to carry or produce the required license.","plainEnglish":"A licensed driver can violate the carry-or-display requirement even though the license itself is valid. This is different from driving without ever having the required license.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Operate a motor vehicle under the driver-license carry/display rule."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Fail to carry the required valid license."},{"text":"Fail to display it upon a lawful demand."}]},{"text":"Apply the statutory later-proof/dismissal provisions."}]},"requirements":"Licensee operates a vehicle without immediate possession of a fully legible license or fails to present it on authorized demand; apply digital-proof and verification provisions.","notes":"Distinguish not carrying a license from never licensed or suspended. Follow the citation/fingerprint and proof procedures in the section.","keywords":"forgot wallet license home not carrying display","searchPhrases":"forgot drivers license at home;valid license not carried;failed to exhibit license","entryType":"Civil / traffic","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/322.15","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0322/Sections/0322.15.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Unsafe lane movement","citation":"F.S. 316.089","section":"316.089","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Traffic infractions"],"grade":"Noncriminal moving violation","summary":"Failing to maintain a lane or changing lanes unsafely.","plainEnglish":"Moving between lanes without the required safety can be a traffic violation. Describe the movement and nearby traffic rather than only that another driver was unhappy.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Operate on a roadway with marked traffic lanes."},{"text":"Depart the single lane or make the covered lane movement without first ascertaining it can be made safely, under the applicable rule."}]},"requirements":"On a clearly marked multilane roadway, remain as nearly as practicable within one lane and ascertain safety before moving out; other lane restrictions appear in the section.","notes":"Describe traffic and safety facts; lane movement alone does not automatically establish impairment.","keywords":"swerving lane drifting unsafe lane change weaving","searchPhrases":"unsafe lane change;drifting out of lane;failed to maintain lane","entryType":"Civil / traffic","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.089","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.089.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Following too closely","citation":"F.S. 316.0895","section":"316.0895","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Traffic infractions"],"grade":"Noncriminal moving violation","summary":"Following at an unreasonable distance for speed and conditions.","plainEnglish":"Following distance must be reasonable for speed, traffic and road conditions. A rear-end crash is evidence to assess, rather than an automatic substitute for those facts.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Follow another vehicle."},{"text":"Distance is less than reasonable/prudent considering speed, traffic and highway condition, or a specific covered separation rule applies."}]},"requirements":"Follow another motor vehicle more closely than reasonable and prudent given speed, traffic and highway condition; specific truck/towing and convoy provisions also exist.","notes":"Document distance, speed, conditions and applicable vehicle type. Collision alone does not resolve every element.","keywords":"tailgating bumper following distance close","searchPhrases":"riding bumper;vehicles bumper;following close behind;tailgating;following too closely;riding another cars bumper","entryType":"Civil / traffic","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.0895","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.0895.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Turn / lane-change signal violation","citation":"F.S. 316.155","section":"316.155","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Traffic infractions"],"grade":"Noncriminal moving violation","summary":"Failing to give a required signal or make a movement safely.","plainEnglish":"A driver must use the required signal when the statutory movement and traffic conditions call for it. Record the turn or lane change and who could be affected.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Make a turn or movement covered by 316.155."},{"text":"Other traffic may be affected or another specified signaling duty applies."},{"text":"Fail the required signal, timing or safety condition of that alternative."}]},"requirements":"Move/turn only with reasonable safety; signal when another vehicle may be affected. Turn signal must continue for at least the last 100 feet before turning; separate stopping/deceleration provisions apply.","notes":"Record which vehicles may be affected and the movement involved. Check bicycle hand-signal exception.","keywords":"blinker indicator turn signal lane change","searchPhrases":"turned without signaling;no turn signal;failed to use blinker","entryType":"Civil / traffic","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.155","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.155.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Speed unsafe for conditions","citation":"F.S. 316.183(1)","section":"316.183(1)","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Traffic infractions"],"grade":"Noncriminal moving violation","summary":"Driving faster than reasonably safe for actual conditions.","plainEnglish":"A posted limit does not always make that speed safe. Weather, visibility, road design and traffic can require a lower speed under this rule.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Drive a vehicle."},{"text":"Speed is greater than reasonable/prudent for existing conditions and actual/potential hazards under 316.183(1)."}]},"requirements":"Speed exceeds what is reasonable/prudent for existing and potential highway hazards; control speed as needed to avoid collision while using due care.","notes":"May apply below a posted maximum. Distinguish posted-speed limits and dangerous excessive speeding; document conditions.","keywords":"speed rain fog wet roadway unsafe conditions","searchPhrases":"too fast for rain;speed unsafe for conditions;driving too fast in fog","entryType":"Civil / traffic","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.183","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.183.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Unauthorized disabled-space parking","citation":"F.S. 316.1955","section":"316.1955","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Traffic infractions"],"grade":"Noncriminal parking violation","summary":"Using or blocking a designated accessible space without qualifying authorization.","plainEnglish":"Using a designated accessible space requires the proper authorization and circumstances. Check signs, permit validity and whether the authorized person is being transported, along with exceptions.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Stop/stand/park in a lawfully designated accessible space or access aisle."},{"text":"Lack the required authorization/use conditions or violate another covered restriction."},{"text":"Review statutory loading/unloading and other exceptions."}]},"requirements":"Stop, stand, park within or obstruct a designated accessible space without the required permit/plate and transportation of its authorized person.","notes":"Check signage: absent above-grade sign permits only a warning. Review loading/unloading and other statutory exceptions; local remedies may also exist.","keywords":"handicap handicapped disabled accessible parking placard","searchPhrases":"parked in handicap space;blocked disabled parking space;disabled parking without permit","entryType":"Civil / traffic","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.1955","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.1955.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Loud vehicle stereo / sound device","citation":"F.S. 316.3045","section":"316.3045","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Traffic infractions","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Noncriminal nonmoving violation","summary":"Vehicle sound exceeds the statutory audibility or nearby-use standard.","plainEnglish":"Vehicle sound can violate the statute when it meets the covered audibility or location rule. Confirm the applicable distance, place and exceptions.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Operate/amplify sound from a device within a motor vehicle on a covered road."},{"text":"The applicable audibility/distance or sensitive-location restriction is met."},{"text":"No statutory exemption applies."}]},"requirements":"Occupy/operate a motor vehicle on a street/highway and operate/amplify a listed sound device so it is plainly audible at 25 feet or more, or louder than necessary inside near the specified sensitive locations.","notes":"Review emergency/law-enforcement equipment and horn/warning-device exceptions. Distinguish stationary premises noise and county rules.","keywords":"loud car stereo bass music 25 feet vehicle","searchPhrases":"car stereo audible 25 feet;loud vehicle stereo;car bass noise","entryType":"Civil / traffic","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.3045","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.3045.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Expired vehicle registration","citation":"F.S. 320.07(3)","section":"320.07(3)","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"Civil or criminal depending on duration/prior offense","summary":"Using a vehicle after registration expiration; the remedy depends on facts.","plainEnglish":"Operating with expired registration has different consequences depending on expiration time and history. Check the registration record and statutory alternative rather than just the sticker’s color.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Operate a vehicle with registration expired under 320.07."},{"text":"Establish expiration duration and any qualifying prior violation."},{"text":"Select the corresponding civil/criminal alternative."}]},"requirements":"Confirm operation, ownership/presence, expiration duration and qualifying prior offense. Six months or less: nonmoving; over six months first: 318.14; over six months repeat: M2.","notes":"Citation timing for six-month-or-less category extends to end of owner\u0027s birth month. Check short-term lease, military and other exceptions.","keywords":"expired tag registration sticker renewal","searchPhrases":"expired tag;expired registration;registration expired over six months","entryType":"Mixed","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/320.07","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0320/Sections/0320.07.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Failure to display proof of vehicle insurance","citation":"F.S. 316.646(1)-(3)","section":"316.646(1)-(3)","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Traffic infractions"],"grade":"Noncriminal nonmoving violation; registration/license consequences may apply","summary":"Failing to carry or show required proof of vehicle insurance.","plainEnglish":"Not producing required insurance proof can lead to a traffic violation and related procedures. It is different from knowingly presenting an invalid policy as genuine.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Operator/owner is subject to required financial-security proof."},{"text":"A covered demand for proof is made and required proof is not displayed."},{"text":"Apply valid-coverage, later-proof and vehicle-specific provisions."}]},"requirements":"A covered operator must possess proper paper/electronic proof of required security and display it on authorized demand; owner/registrant consequences and later-proof procedures differ.","notes":"Displaying an electronic card does not consent to unrelated device access. Distinguish lack of proof from knowingly presenting invalid coverage.","keywords":"insurance card proof coverage no insurance paperwork","searchPhrases":"no proof of insurance;forgot insurance card;failed to display insurance","entryType":"Civil / traffic","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.646","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.646.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Knowingly presenting invalid insurance proof","citation":"F.S. 316.646(4)","section":"316.646(4)","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Presenting insurance proof known not to represent current coverage.","plainEnglish":"Showing insurance proof known to be invalid or ineffective can be criminal. An expired card for an actually active policy or an honest mistake needs a different factual review.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Present/display a document as insurance proof."},{"text":"Know the represented insurance is not currently in force under 316.646(4)."}]},"requirements":"Operator presents proof required by subsection (1) knowing the represented insurance is not currently in force.","notes":"A missing card or expired-looking document alone does not establish knowledge or coverage status. Confirm insurer records.","keywords":"fake insurance card cancelled expired coverage knowingly","searchPhrases":"knowingly showed cancelled insurance;fake insurance proof;presented invalid insurance","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.646","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.646.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Animal abandonment / deprivation","citation":"F.S. 828.13(2)-(3)","section":"828.13(2)-(3)","categories":["Animals \u0026 environment"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Abandoning an animal or failing specified basic care duties.","plainEnglish":"Abandoning a covered animal or depriving it of necessary care can qualify. Establish responsibility for the animal and the particular failure or abandonment.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Have the statutory custody/responsibility for an animal."},{"text":"Unnecessarily fail to provide required food, water or other specified care."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Own/possess the animal."},{"text":"Abandon it in the statutorily prohibited manner."}]}]},"requirements":"Match confinement without sufficient wholesome food/water or exercise/air, abandonment to die of a sick/infirm animal, or custodial abandonment to injury/malnutrition or in public without required care.","notes":"Record custody, condition and care. Compare cruelty and the distinct natural-disaster dog-restraint felony.","keywords":"abandoned dog dumped pet no food water confined","searchPhrases":"abandoned pet on road;dog without food or water;dumped a dog","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/828.13","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0828/Sections/0828.13.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Abandoning an outside-restrained dog during disaster","citation":"F.S. 828.13(4)","section":"828.13(4)","categories":["Animals \u0026 environment"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Leaving a dog restrained outside during a defined disaster and then abandoning it.","plainEnglish":"Leaving a dog tied or otherwise restrained outside during the covered disaster circumstances can be a specific felony. The restraint, abandonment and disaster requirements all matter.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Dog is restrained outside in the specified manner."},{"text":"Abandonment occurs during the covered natural-disaster circumstances."},{"text":"Establish the knowing/willful conduct and precise 828.13(4) conditions."}]},"requirements":"Person restrains a dog outside during a natural disaster as statutorily defined and thereafter abandons it; warnings or evacuation orders establish the defined disaster context.","notes":"Confirm warning/order timing, restraint and abandonment evidence. General animal abandonment is a separate misdemeanor alternative.","keywords":"dog tied hurricane evacuation storm abandoned tether","searchPhrases":"left dog tied during hurricane;abandoned tethered dog during evacuation","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/828.13","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0828/Sections/0828.13.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Animal fighting / baiting","citation":"F.S. 828.122","section":"828.122","categories":["Animals \u0026 environment"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Knowingly engaging in listed animal-fighting or baiting activities.","plainEnglish":"Organizing, supplying or participating in the listed animal-fighting activities can be criminal. Owning a particular breed or keeping ordinary animal equipment alone does not establish the offense.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Animal-fighting/baiting activity or a listed related act is involved."},{"text":"Knowingly perform the specific prohibited ownership, equipment, premises, promotion, attendance or other act."},{"text":"Establish its fighting-purpose conditions; review exemptions."}]},"requirements":"Match a listed knowing act involving fighting-purpose animals/equipment, property, event promotion, attendance or another prohibited alternative; adult/minor provision also exists.","notes":"Animal possession alone is insufficient. Check statutory hunting, livestock, simulation and husbandry exceptions.","keywords":"dog fighting cockfight rooster animal baiting ring","searchPhrases":"roosters trained fight;dogs trained fight;cock fighting;dog fight organized;dog fighting ring;cockfighting;animal baiting","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/828.122","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0828/Sections/0828.122.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Contributing to child delinquency / dependency","citation":"F.S. 827.04","section":"827.04","categories":["Children \u0026 vulnerable adults","Schools \u0026 juveniles"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Conduct encouraging or causing a child\u0027s delinquency, dependency or need for services.","plainEnglish":"An adult’s conduct encouraging or contributing to a child’s covered delinquency or dependency can qualify. Identify the specific act and connection rather than only criticizing the adult’s influence.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Victim is a child."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Act to cause/tend to cause/encourage/contribute to a listed child status."},{"text":"Induce/attempt to induce qualifying conduct by an act, threat, command or persuasion."}]},{"text":"Establish the statutory status/conduct connection."}]},"requirements":"Act causing/tending to cause, encouraging or contributing to the listed child status, or inducing/attempting to induce qualifying conduct by act, threat, command or persuasion.","notes":"A prior juvenile adjudication is not required. Identify specific conduct and statutory child-status connection.","keywords":"adult encouraged juvenile crime delinquency dependency","searchPhrases":"adult encouraged child to steal;contributing to delinquency;encouraged juvenile crime","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/827.04","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0827/Sections/0827.04.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"County park litter / improper refuse disposal","citation":"Miami-Dade Code 26-1, Rule 27(a)","section":"26-1, Rule 27(a)","categories":["Miami-Dade local references","Animals \u0026 environment"],"grade":"Local rule; confirm applicable remedy","summary":"Park litter belongs in provided receptacles.","plainEnglish":"The county park rule requires trash to go in the designated containers. Confirm county facility jurisdiction and the current authorized enforcement process.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"REFERENCE","label":"","items":[{"text":"Confirm county park jurisdiction and current Rule 27(a)."},{"text":"Refuse deposited outside designated containers under that rule."},{"text":"Verify applicable remedy, exceptions and authorized enforcer."}]},"requirements":"Depositing refuse on park property outside designated containers.","notes":"County park jurisdiction only; check current code, remedy, authorization and exceptions. Municipal facilities may differ.","keywords":"park litter trash bottles garbage dumped","searchPhrases":"left trash in county park;park litter","entryType":"Local rule / reference","coverage":"Rule summary","applicability":"Miami-Dade County; confirm the rule-specific geographic and facility scope","source":"https://www.miamidade.gov/global/recreation/rules-regulations.page","alternateSource":null,"sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Miami-Dade local reference","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Glass beverage containers on unincorporated beaches","citation":"Miami-Dade Code 26-1, Rule 27(b)","section":"26-1, Rule 27(b)","categories":["Miami-Dade local references","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Local rule; confirm applicable remedy","summary":"Glass beverage containers are restricted on covered beaches.","plainEnglish":"The county rule restricts glass drink containers on the covered beaches. Confirm that the beach is within the rule’s territory; municipal beach rules may be different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"REFERENCE","label":"","items":[{"text":"Confirm a public beach in unincorporated Miami-Dade within Rule 27(b)."},{"text":"Identify covered glass beverage container conduct."},{"text":"Verify current exceptions and remedy; city beach codes may differ."}]},"requirements":"Bring/use a glass beverage container on a public beach in unincorporated Miami-Dade.","notes":"County park jurisdiction only; check current code, remedy, authorization and exceptions. Municipal facilities may differ.","keywords":"glass beer bottle beach sand","searchPhrases":"glass bottles on beach;glass container on county beach","entryType":"Local rule / reference","coverage":"Rule summary","applicability":"Miami-Dade County; confirm the rule-specific geographic and facility scope","source":"https://www.miamidade.gov/global/recreation/rules-regulations.page","alternateSource":null,"sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Miami-Dade local reference","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"County park unauthorized vending","citation":"Miami-Dade Code 26-1, Rule 29","section":"26-1, Rule 29","categories":["Miami-Dade local references","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Local rule; confirm applicable remedy","summary":"Park sales require an authorized concession.","plainEnglish":"Selling or offering covered merchandise in a county park generally requires the stated authorization. Confirm the activity and concession permission before applying the rule.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"REFERENCE","label":"","items":[{"text":"Confirm county park jurisdiction and current Rule 29."},{"text":"Identify covered sale/rent/trade or sales-cart activity without concession authority."},{"text":"Verify exceptions, current remedy and enforcement authority."}]},"requirements":"Offer merchandise for sale/rent/trade or station a sales cart without the stated concession authority.","notes":"County park jurisdiction only; check current code, remedy, authorization and exceptions. Municipal facilities may differ.","keywords":"vendor selling food cart merchandise county park","searchPhrases":"selling merchandise in county park;unauthorized park vendor","entryType":"Local rule / reference","coverage":"Rule summary","applicability":"Miami-Dade County; confirm the rule-specific geographic and facility scope","source":"https://www.miamidade.gov/global/recreation/rules-regulations.page","alternateSource":null,"sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Miami-Dade local reference","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"County park alcohol restrictions","citation":"Miami-Dade Code 26-1, Rule 33","section":"26-1, Rule 33","categories":["Miami-Dade local references","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Local rule; confirm applicable remedy","summary":"Park alcohol permissions depend on place, activity and time.","plainEnglish":"Alcohol permissions depend on the county park area, activity and applicable authorization. This is not a simple countywide ban on every drink in every park.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"REFERENCE","label":"","items":[{"text":"Confirm county facility and current Rule 33."},{"text":"Identify the exact picnic, concession, marina/cabana or athletic-event restriction and permission."},{"text":"Verify current remedy and authority; not all park alcohol is prohibited."}]},"requirements":"Check concession, picnic-area, marina/cabana and athletic-event provisions.","notes":"County park jurisdiction only; check current code, remedy, authorization and exceptions. Municipal facilities may differ.","keywords":"beer drinking alcohol county park youth sports picnic","searchPhrases":"beer at youth sports in county park;county park alcohol","entryType":"Local rule / reference","coverage":"Rule summary","applicability":"Miami-Dade County; confirm the rule-specific geographic and facility scope","source":"https://www.miamidade.gov/global/recreation/rules-regulations.page","alternateSource":null,"sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Miami-Dade local reference","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"County park water pollution","citation":"Miami-Dade Code 26-1, Rule 26","section":"26-1, Rule 26","categories":["Miami-Dade local references","Animals \u0026 environment"],"grade":"Local rule; confirm applicable remedy","summary":"Dumping substances that may pollute park waters is prohibited.","plainEnglish":"Using covered park waters or drains as a dumping place for material that may pollute them violates the summarized rule. Verify the county location and current remedy.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"REFERENCE","label":"","items":[{"text":"Confirm county park waters or covered tributary/drain."},{"text":"Material is dumped there under the potentially polluting-material restriction in Rule 26."},{"text":"Verify current rule, exceptions and remedy."}]},"requirements":"Use park waters or tributaries/drains as a dumping place for potentially polluting material.","notes":"County park jurisdiction only; check current code, remedy, authorization and exceptions. Municipal facilities may differ.","keywords":"dump oil canal pond lake park water pollution","searchPhrases":"dumping oil in park lake;polluting county park water","entryType":"Local rule / reference","coverage":"Rule summary","applicability":"Miami-Dade County; confirm the rule-specific geographic and facility scope","source":"https://www.miamidade.gov/global/recreation/rules-regulations.page","alternateSource":null,"sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Miami-Dade local reference","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"County park feeding / abandoning wildlife","citation":"Miami-Dade Code 26-1, Rules 9-10","section":"26-1, Rules 9-10","categories":["Miami-Dade local references","Animals \u0026 environment"],"grade":"Local rule; confirm applicable remedy","summary":"Park wildlife and animal-introduction rules restrict feeding and abandonment.","plainEnglish":"The park rules restrict specified feeding, animal introduction and abandonment activities. Identify the exact animal conduct and any Director authorization before selecting a rule.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"REFERENCE","label":"","items":[{"text":"Confirm county park jurisdiction and the exact Rule 9 or 10 alternative."},{"text":"Match the specific animal-feeding/introduction/abandonment conduct and authorization."},{"text":"Verify current exception, remedy and enforcer."}]},"requirements":"Match the specific prohibited animal activity; check Director authorization.","notes":"County park jurisdiction only; check current code, remedy, authorization and exceptions. Municipal facilities may differ.","keywords":"feed wildlife ducks iguana abandoned animal county park","searchPhrases":"feeding wildlife in county park;released animal in county park","entryType":"Local rule / reference","coverage":"Rule summary","applicability":"Miami-Dade County; confirm the rule-specific geographic and facility scope","source":"https://www.miamidade.gov/global/recreation/rules-regulations.page","alternateSource":null,"sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Miami-Dade local reference","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Miami-Dade unlawful dog tethering: code reference","citation":"Miami-Dade Code 5-21","section":"5-21","categories":["Miami-Dade local references","Animals \u0026 environment"],"grade":"Routing reference; confirm current code/remedy","summary":"County law regulates dogs tied to objects or structures.","plainEnglish":"Tying a dog outside is subject to county conditions and restrictions. This routing card points to the issue; verify the current full rule, exceptions and Animal Services enforcement authority.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"REFERENCE","label":"","items":[{"text":"Reference only: obtain current 5-21 text."},{"text":"Verify dog, supervision, tether/collar, shelter and safety circumstances."},{"text":"Confirm exceptions, geographic scope, remedy and authorized enforcement personnel."}]},"requirements":"Review current supervision, tether, collar, shelter and safety requirements before applying the rule.","notes":"Routing reference; current codified elements, remedy and enforcement authority need confirmation. Linked record is the adopted 2008 ordinance; subsequent amendments are not independently verified. Consult Animal Services and current Chapter 5.","keywords":"dog chain tied tree tether yard unsupervised","searchPhrases":"dog chained in yard;unattended tethered dog;county dog tethering","entryType":"Local rule / reference","coverage":"Routing reference","applicability":"Miami-Dade County; confirm the rule-specific geographic and facility scope","source":"https://www.miamidade.gov/govaction/matter.asp?file=false\u0026matter=082976","alternateSource":null,"sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Miami-Dade local reference","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Miami-Dade illegal dumping: code reference","citation":"Miami-Dade Code 15-6(b)","section":"15-6(b)","categories":["Miami-Dade local references","Animals \u0026 environment"],"grade":"Routing reference; confirm current code/remedy","summary":"County litter/dumping provisions cover prohibited waste disposal.","plainEnglish":"Disposing of tires, furniture or debris on an unauthorized lot can implicate county dumping rules. Confirm current elements and remedy and compare Florida’s separately listed litter law.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"REFERENCE","label":"","items":[{"text":"Reference only: obtain current 15-6(b) and applicable enforcement provisions."},{"text":"Establish waste, quantity, location, responsible person and lack of disposal permission."},{"text":"Confirm county/municipal scope and remedy; compare Florida Litter Law."}]},"requirements":"Identify material, weight/volume, land or water location, authorization and applicable subsection.","notes":"Routing reference; current codified elements, remedy and enforcement authority need confirmation. Linked adopted record concerns penalties; it does not replace the complete current Chapter 15 text. Compare Florida Litter Law.","keywords":"mattress tires construction debris rubbish county dumping trash","searchPhrases":"left sofa tires;dumped couch;dumped sofa;discarded mattress;trash empty lot;garbage vacant property;dumped mattress on vacant lot;county illegal dumping;dumped tires","entryType":"Local rule / reference","coverage":"Routing reference","applicability":"Miami-Dade County; confirm the rule-specific geographic and facility scope","source":"https://www.miamidade.gov/govaction/matter.asp?file=true\u0026fileAnalysis=false\u0026matter=192687\u0026yearFolder=Y2019","alternateSource":null,"sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Miami-Dade local reference","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Miami-Dade disabled parking: code reference","citation":"Miami-Dade Code 30-45","section":"30-45","categories":["Miami-Dade local references","Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"Routing reference; confirm current code/remedy","summary":"County code addresses misuse of designated disabled parking.","plainEnglish":"The county has provisions concerning accessible parking. Check the current county rule and citation process alongside the Florida parking statute; this card is a reference rather than a verified criminal charge.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"REFERENCE","label":"","items":[{"text":"Reference only: obtain current 30-45 and citation procedure."},{"text":"Confirm designation/signage, authorization, transported person and exceptions."},{"text":"Verify territorial scope and authorized remedy."}]},"requirements":"Confirm current 30-45 text, signage, authorization, transported person and loading/unloading exceptions.","notes":"Routing reference; current codified elements, remedy and enforcement authority need confirmation. Verify the current county code and parking-citation procedure. Compare F.S. 316.1955.","keywords":"county handicap disabled parking placard accessible space","searchPhrases":"county disabled parking;county handicap space","entryType":"Local rule / reference","coverage":"Routing reference","applicability":"Miami-Dade County; confirm the rule-specific geographic and facility scope","source":"https://library.municode.com/fl/miami_-_dade_county/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIIICOOR_CH30TRMOVE","alternateSource":null,"sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Miami-Dade local reference","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Resisting merchant recovery after theft","citation":"F.S. 812.015(6)","section":"812.015(6)","categories":["Theft \u0026 robbery"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Resisting a qualifying effort to recover stolen merchandise or enforce transit payment/departure.","plainEnglish":"A shoplifter who resists a reasonable recovery effort by store staff may commit this additional offense. Confirm the staff member’s role and the underlying conduct.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Underlying theft, fare evasion or transit trespass occurs."},{"text":"A covered person with probable cause makes a reasonable recovery/payment/departure effort."},{"text":"Accused resists that effort and knows or has reason to know the person’s covered role."}]},"requirements":"Theft, fare evasion or transit trespass; resist a reasonable recovery/payment/departure effort by a covered person with probable cause; knowledge or reason to know that person’s role.","notes":"A customer dispute alone is insufficient. Compare robbery and resisting an officer.","keywords":"shoplifter loss prevention security resist merchant recovery","searchPhrases":"resisted loss prevention recovering merchandise;fought store security after shoplifting;resisting merchant recovery","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/812.015","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0812/Sections/0812.015.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Antishoplifting device countermeasure","citation":"F.S. 812.015(7)","section":"812.015(7)","categories":["Theft \u0026 robbery","Burglary \u0026 trespass"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Possessing or using a qualifying security-device countermeasure inside retail premises.","plainEnglish":"A specially modified booster bag or other qualifying device used to defeat store security can be an offense even before merchandise leaves the store.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Device meets the statutory antishoplifting/inventory-control countermeasure definition."},{"text":"The person possesses, uses or attempts to use it."},{"text":"Inside premises used for retail purchase/sale of merchandise."}]},"requirements":"Possess, use or attempt to use a device designed/manufactured/modified to defeat antishoplifting or inventory control within retail premises.","notes":"Ordinary bags or tools are not automatically countermeasures. Confirm the device definition.","keywords":"booster foil lined bag security tag jammer shoplifting countermeasure","searchPhrases":"foil lined booster bag in store;security tag jammer;antishoplifting countermeasure","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/812.015","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0812/Sections/0812.015.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Transit fare evasion","citation":"F.S. 812.015(1)(l)","section":"812.015(1)(l)","categories":["Theft \u0026 robbery","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Petit theft; apply 812.014 grade","summary":"Evading the required fare on covered public transportation.","plainEnglish":"Skipping a required bus or rail fare can be theft. Establish the payment obligation and deliberate evasion rather than assuming every unpaid ride is illegal.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Covered mass-transit fare/entry rules apply."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Unlawfully refuse/evade the appropriate fare."},{"text":"Enter through a route other than the authorized fare-paying entry."}]},{"text":"Apply the linked petit-theft provisions and required intent."}]},"requirements":"Unlawfully refuse/evade the appropriate mass-transit fare, or enter a transit vehicle/facility through an unauthorized fare entry.","notes":"Confirm a fare actually applies; fare-free services and payment errors differ.","keywords":"bus metrorail train fare evasion turnstile jumped transit ticket","searchPhrases":"jumped metrorail turnstile;rode bus without paying required fare;transit fare evasion","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/812.015","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0812/Sections/0812.015.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Utility theft / meter tampering","citation":"F.S. 812.14(2), (4)","section":"812.14(2), (4)","categories":["Theft \u0026 robbery","Property damage \u0026 fire"],"grade":"Theft; grade under 812.014","summary":"Tampering with or bypassing utility equipment to obtain unauthorized service.","plainEnglish":"Secretly bypassing an electric meter or reconnecting service without the utility’s consent can be theft. Mere occupancy or an overdue account does not establish tampering.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Covered utility service/equipment is involved."},{"text":"Willfully perform a specific meter-tampering, bypass, unauthorized-connection or other act in 812.14(2)."},{"text":"Establish that alternative’s knowledge, lack of consent and payment-avoidance circumstances."}]},"requirements":"Match a prohibited meter alteration, unauthorized connection/bypass, or knowing benefit from tampering to avoid payment; willful violation.","notes":"Subsection (5) separately addresses owners allowing unauthorized service. Establish value and mental state; an unpaid bill alone is insufficient.","keywords":"electric electricity water gas meter bypass tamper power utility stolen service","searchPhrases":"bypassed electric meter;stole electricity;illegal water connection;utility theft","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/812.14","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0812/Sections/0812.14.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Operating / assisting a chop shop","citation":"F.S. 812.16","section":"812.16","categories":["Theft \u0026 robbery","Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Knowingly operating or assisting an operation involving qualifying stolen vehicles or parts.","plainEnglish":"This covers knowingly running or helping a place that handles stolen vehicles or major parts in the ways the statute defines. A lawful salvage business is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Premises/activity meet the statutory chop-shop definition, including stolen vehicles/major parts."},{"text":"Knowingly own, operate, conduct or aid the chop shop."}]},"requirements":"Knowingly own, operate, conduct or aid a statutory chop shop; establish the stolen-vehicle/major-component and premises definition.","notes":"An ordinary repair shop or loose used parts alone is insufficient.","keywords":"chop shop dismantle stripped stolen vehicles auto parts salvage","searchPhrases":"chop shop;dismantling stolen cars;garage stripping stolen vehicles;helping strip stolen vehicles","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/812.16","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0812/Sections/0812.16.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Fraud / nonreturn of rented equipment or property","citation":"F.S. 812.155(1)-(3)","section":"812.155(1)-(3)","categories":["Theft \u0026 robbery","Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"M2 below $300; F3 at $300 or more","summary":"Fraudulently obtaining rental property or knowingly abandoning/refusing its agreed return.","plainEnglish":"Keeping a rented tool or equipment can become criminal when the facts show fraudulent intent or knowing refusal to return it as agreed. A routine billing dispute is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Obtain custody or hire/lease covered property through the selected fraudulent alternative."},{"text":"Intent to defraud its owner/lawful possessor."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Hire/lease property with an agreement to return it."},{"text":"Knowingly abandon/refuse agreed return without consent."},{"text":"Apply statutory agreement, notice/demand and evidence provisions."}]}]},"requirements":"Fraudulent acquisition/rental, or knowing abandonment/refusal to return hired property as agreed without owner consent; establish property value.","notes":"Review contract notice and demand/evidence provisions. Late payment alone is not criminal intent. Rental vehicles also have 817.52.","keywords":"rental tools equipment excavator rented furniture keep refused return","searchPhrases":"refused to return rented tools;kept rented equipment;fraudulent equipment rental","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/812.155","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0812/Sections/0812.155.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Firearm serial number alteration / possession","citation":"F.S. 790.27","section":"790.27","categories":["Weapons"],"grade":"F3 alteration; M1 knowing possession/sale/delivery","summary":"Altering a firearm serial number, or knowingly handling one unlawfully altered.","plainEnglish":"Filing off a gun’s identifying number to hide its identity is a felony. Knowingly possessing a gun whose number was unlawfully altered is a different, misdemeanor alternative.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Knowingly alter/remove a manufacturer/importer firearm serial number."},{"text":"Intent to disguise the firearm’s true identity."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Knowingly possess/sell/deliver a firearm."},{"text":"Its manufacturer/importer serial number was unlawfully altered/removed."}]}]},"requirements":"Knowingly alter/remove manufacturer/importer serial number to disguise identity; alternatively knowingly possess/sell/deliver a firearm with an unlawfully altered/removed number.","notes":"Antique firearms excluded. A firearm manufactured without a serial number is not automatically an altered-number firearm.","keywords":"gun firearm serial number scratched filed removed obliterated","searchPhrases":"gun with serial number filed off;removed firearm serial number;scratched off gun serial","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/790.27","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.27.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Using a firearm while impaired","citation":"F.S. 790.151","section":"790.151","categories":["Weapons","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Second-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Using a firearm while alcohol/drugs impair normal faculties.","plainEnglish":"This applies to firing a gun or holding a loaded gun ready to fire while impaired. A gun merely stored nearby is not the same defined conduct.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Alcohol/covered substance impairs normal faculties."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Discharge a firearm."},{"text":"Hold a loaded firearm in hand, ready for immediate discharge."}]},{"text":"No lawful self-defense/property-defense exclusion applies."}]},"requirements":"Impaired normal faculties from alcohol or covered substances; discharge a firearm or hold a loaded firearm in hand ready for immediate discharge.","notes":"Lawful self-defense/property defense excluded. Mere carry while drinking does not by itself meet the defined use.","keywords":"drunk intoxicated impaired loaded gun hand firearm alcohol","searchPhrases":"drunk holding loaded gun;fired gun while intoxicated;impaired firearm use","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/790.151","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.151.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Hoax bomb / fake explosive device","citation":"F.S. 790.165","section":"790.165","categories":["Weapons","Threats \u0026 assault"],"grade":"Second-degree felony","summary":"Unauthorized dealings with an object that appears or is represented to be an explosive device.","plainEnglish":"A fake bomb can still be a serious offense even though it cannot explode. The object must meet the hoax-device definition, and authorized training equipment is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Object meets the hoax-bomb definition."},{"text":"Perform one of the listed possession, display, manufacture, transfer or use-related acts."},{"text":"Without lawful authority."}]},"requirements":"Without lawful authority, perform a listed act involving a statutory hoax bomb, such as possession, display, manufacture or threatened use.","notes":"Distinguish a false verbal report and an actual destructive device. Establish appearance/representation and lack of authority.","keywords":"fake bomb dummy explosive hoax device imitation","searchPhrases":"fake bomb left in lobby;dummy explosive device;hoax bomb","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/790.165","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.165.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Adult throwing specified bodily fluids on a child","citation":"F.S. 784.085","section":"784.085","categories":["Battery \u0026 injury","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"An adult causing or attempting specified bodily-fluid contact with a minor.","plainEnglish":"An adult who deliberately throws urine or another listed bodily material at a child can violate this section even if the attempt misses. The specific fluid and both ages matter.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Offender is at least 18."},{"text":"Victim is under 18."},{"text":"Knowingly cause/attempt contact by throwing/tossing/projecting/expelling blood, semen, urine or feces."}]},"requirements":"Offender at least 18 knowingly causes/attempts contact of a child under 18 with blood, semen, urine or feces by throwing/tossing/projecting/expelling it.","notes":"Saliva alone is not one of the listed materials. Other battery provisions may apply.","keywords":"adult child urine feces blood semen thrown bodily fluid","searchPhrases":"adult threw urine at child;threw feces on minor;child bodily fluid battery","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.085","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.085.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Luring / enticing a child under 14","citation":"F.S. 787.025","section":"787.025","categories":["Children \u0026 vulnerable adults","Confinement \u0026 trafficking"],"grade":"F3 base; F2 qualifying prior conviction","summary":"An adult enticing a young child into or out of a covered place for an unlawful purpose.","plainEnglish":"Trying to draw a child under 14 into a car or building for an unlawful purpose may qualify even if the child does not go. Ordinary lawful help is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Offender is at least 18."},{"text":"Child is under 14."},{"text":"Intentionally lure/entice or attempt to lure/entice the child into/out of a structure, dwelling or conveyance."},{"text":"For other than a lawful purpose; review statutory defenses."}]},"requirements":"Offender 18+ intentionally lures/entices or attempts to lure/entice child under 14 into/out of a structure, dwelling or conveyance for other than a lawful purpose.","notes":"Check prior-conviction alternatives and statutory lawful-purpose, protective-action and reasonable-conduct defenses.","keywords":"lure entice child candy van stranger abduction","searchPhrases":"lured child into van;enticed child with candy into car;child luring","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/787.025","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0787/Sections/0787.025.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Concealing / removing child contrary to custody proceedings","citation":"F.S. 787.04","section":"787.04","categories":["Children \u0026 vulnerable adults","Domestic related","Confinement \u0026 trafficking"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Hiding a child or taking the child out of Florida contrary to qualifying orders or proceedings.","plainEnglish":"Taking a child out of Florida or hiding the child can be criminal when a qualifying order or pending proceeding forbids it. Read the actual order and establish notice.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Personally know a court order."},{"text":"Violate it by hiding a minor’s location or taking the minor outside Florida."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A listed custody/dependency/abuse investigation or proceeding is pending."},{"text":"Required notice is established."},{"text":"Conceal/remove the minor without required permission and with the selected alternative’s mental state."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Take the minor outside Florida with court permission during a pending custody action."},{"text":"Then fail to produce/deliver the minor as the court directs."}]}]},"requirements":"Match knowing court-order violation, noticed custody/dependency/abuse proceeding removal or concealment without required permission, or court-directed failure to produce the child.","notes":"Verify exact order, notice and statutory alternative. Protection-from-abuse defense applies; not every parenting-plan dispute is criminal.","keywords":"custody hide child out state court order dependency removal","searchPhrases":"hid child despite custody court order;took child out of state against court order;concealed child during dependency case","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/787.04","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0787/Sections/0787.04.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Willful nonsupport of a dependent","citation":"F.S. 827.06","section":"827.06","categories":["Children \u0026 vulnerable adults","Domestic related"],"grade":"M1 base; F3 statutory repeat/arrears alternatives","summary":"Willfully withholding support that a person can provide and knows is legally owed.","plainEnglish":"This concerns someone who can provide legally required support but willfully refuses. Being behind because the person lacks the ability to pay is a different situation.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Known legal obligation to support the child/spouse."},{"text":"Ability to provide the support."},{"text":"Willful failure to provide it."}]},"requirements":"Known legal support obligation for child/spouse; ability to provide support; willful failure. Felony alternative: fourth/subsequent conviction or $5,000+ owed for over one year.","notes":"Inability to pay is distinct. Obtain obligation, financial and payment records; coordinate support-enforcement review.","keywords":"child support spouse nonsupport arrears able pay refusal","searchPhrases":"can pay child support but refuses;willful nonsupport;refused spousal support despite ability","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/827.06","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0827/Sections/0827.06.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Child sexual abuse material: possession / intentional viewing","citation":"F.S. 827.071(5)","section":"827.071(5)","categories":["Sexual offenses","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults","Cyber \u0026 privacy"],"grade":"Second-degree felony","summary":"Knowingly soliciting, possessing, controlling or intentionally viewing qualifying child sexual abuse material.","plainEnglish":"Knowingly keeping or deliberately viewing sexual-abuse images of children can qualify. An accidental pop-up is different; the material and evidence of knowing conduct must meet the definitions.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Material meets the statutory child-sexual-abuse-material definition."},{"text":"Know its covered character/content."},{"text":"Knowingly solicit, possess, control or intentionally view it; intentional viewing has its separate more-than-single-image definition."}]},"requirements":"Knowledge of qualifying material; solicit/possess/control or intentionally view it. Child under 18; apply statutory image definitions, including specified altered images.","notes":"Intentional viewing requires more than a single image over time. Law-enforcement investigation exception; verify image/child units and applicable law.","keywords":"csam child pornography images video download possession computer","searchPhrases":"child pornography on computer;downloaded child sexual abuse images;csam possession","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/827.071","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0827/Sections/0827.071.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Lewd or lascivious conduct involving a child","citation":"F.S. 800.04(6)","section":"800.04(6)","categories":["Sexual offenses","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults"],"grade":"F2 offender 18+; F3 offender under 18","summary":"Lewd touching of a child under 16 or solicitation of a lewd act.","plainEnglish":"This covers sexualized touching or asking a child under 16 to perform a lewd act. The child’s agreement does not make the conduct lawful.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Victim is under 16."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intentionally touch the child in a lewd/lascivious manner."},{"text":"Solicit the child to commit a lewd/lascivious act."}]}]},"requirements":"Intentionally touch child under 16 in a lewd/lascivious manner, or solicit such child to commit a lewd/lascivious act.","notes":"Child consent and mistake about age are not defenses. Distinguish statutory battery/molestation alternatives.","keywords":"lewd conduct child touching solicitation indecent act","searchPhrases":"solicited child to commit lewd act;lewd touching child;lewd conduct","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/800.04","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0800/Sections/0800.04.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Lewd exhibition in the presence of a child","citation":"F.S. 800.04(7)","section":"800.04(7)","categories":["Sexual offenses","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults"],"grade":"F2 offender 18+; F3 offender under 18","summary":"Specified sexual displays in the presence of a child under 16.","plainEnglish":"Sexually exposing oneself or performing a covered sexual act in front of a child under 16 can qualify without touching the child. Ordinary nudity is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Victim is under 16."},{"text":"Act occurs in the victim’s presence."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intentionally masturbate."},{"text":"Intentionally expose genitals in a lewd/lascivious manner."},{"text":"Intentionally perform another covered noncontact sexual act."}]}]},"requirements":"Intentional masturbation, lewd genital exposure or other listed noncontact sexual act in the presence of a victim under 16.","notes":"Breastfeeding is excluded. Distinguish ordinary nonlewd nudity and remote electronic exhibition provisions.","keywords":"masturbate exposing genitals child exhibition flashing","searchPhrases":"masturbating in front of child;lewd exposure to child;sexual exhibition child;masturbating in front","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/800.04","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0800/Sections/0800.04.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Unlawful sexual activity: adult 24+ with minor 16 or 17","citation":"F.S. 794.05","section":"794.05","categories":["Sexual offenses","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults"],"grade":"Second-degree felony","summary":"Covered sexual activity between an adult at least 24 and a 16- or 17-year-old.","plainEnglish":"A 16- or 17-year-old’s agreement does not generally permit covered sexual activity with someone 24 or older. Confirm exact ages and the statutory emancipation exception.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Offender is at least 24."},{"text":"Other person is 16 or 17."},{"text":"Engage in statutory sexual activity."},{"text":"No qualifying removal-of-disabilities-of-nonage exception under chapter 743."}]},"requirements":"Offender at least 24; other person 16 or 17; statutory sexual activity.","notes":"Exception for qualifying removal of disabilities of nonage under chapter 743; bona fide medical purpose excluded from activity definition.","keywords":"statutory age adult twenty four sixteen seventeen sexual activity","searchPhrases":"24 year old sex with 16 year old;adult 30 sex with 17 year old;unlawful sexual activity certain minors","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/794.05","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0794/Sections/0794.05.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Unlawful interception / recording of communications","citation":"F.S. 934.03(1), (4)","section":"934.03(1), (4)","categories":["Cyber \u0026 privacy"],"grade":"F3 base; narrow radio exceptions differ","summary":"Intentional interception, or knowing unlawful disclosure/use, of protected communications.","plainEnglish":"Secretly recording a protected private conversation may qualify. Recording a public interaction is not automatically a crime; consent, privacy expectations and statutory exceptions matter.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Communication is protected under chapter 934."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intentionally intercept/attempt interception or procure it."},{"text":"Intentionally use/disclose covered contents with the required knowledge of unlawful interception."}]},{"text":"No applicable consent, authorization or other statutory exception."}]},"requirements":"Establish protected wire/oral/electronic communication and intentional interception/attempt, or qualifying use/disclosure of unlawfully intercepted content; no applicable authorization/exception.","notes":"Privacy expectation and communication definitions matter. All-party consent, authorized investigations and other exceptions apply; public recording is not automatically illegal.","keywords":"wiretap bug recorder secretly record private conversation audio call","searchPhrases":"secretly recorded private conversation;illegal wiretap;hidden audio recorder private room","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/934.03","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0900-0999/0934/Sections/0934.03.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Cyberintimidation / doxing to threaten or incite crime","citation":"F.S. 836.115","section":"836.115","categories":["Cyber \u0026 privacy","Threats \u0026 assault"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Publishing identifying information online with specified harmful intent.","plainEnglish":"Posting someone’s identifying details to encourage violence or threatening harassment can qualify. Merely posting information, without the required harmful intent, is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Electronically publish another’s statutory identification information."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intent to incite violence or commit a crime against the person, directly or through a third party."},{"text":"Intent to threaten/harass, directly or through a third party, placing the person in reasonable fear of bodily harm."}]}]},"requirements":"Electronically publish another’s identification information intending violence/crime, or threat/harassment placing the person in reasonable fear of bodily harm, directly or through others.","notes":"Publishing an address alone is insufficient; establish the statutory intent and applicable fear requirement. Protected speech requires careful review.","keywords":"dox doxing doxxing address online identifying information incite violence","searchPhrases":"posted address telling people to attack;doxing to incite violence;published address to threaten harm","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/836.115","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0836/Sections/0836.115.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Passing counterfeit money / forged bank bills","citation":"F.S. 831.09","section":"831.09","categories":["Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Knowingly tendering false bank bills or covered instruments as genuine to defraud.","plainEnglish":"Trying to spend a bill known to be counterfeit can qualify even if the cashier refuses it. Someone unknowingly given a fake bill has a different mental state.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Pass/utter/tender a covered false bank bill, note, check or draft as genuine."},{"text":"Know it is false/altered/forged/counterfeit."},{"text":"Intent to injure or defraud."}]},"requirements":"Pass/utter/tender a covered false/altered/forged/counterfeit bank bill, note, check or draft as true, knowing falsity and intending injury/fraud.","notes":"Unknowing receipt or use is different. Preserve the instrument and evidence of knowledge.","keywords":"counterfeit money fake cash banknote dollar bill currency paying","searchPhrases":"paid with counterfeit hundred dollar bill;passed fake money;counterfeit cash purchase","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/831.09","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0831/Sections/0831.09.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Selling another substance as an offered controlled drug","citation":"F.S. 817.563","section":"817.563","categories":["Drugs","Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"F3 schedules I-IV; M2 schedule V","summary":"Offering an unlawful controlled-drug sale and selling a substitute instead.","plainEnglish":"A seller who promises cocaine but sells a substitute can still commit an offense even though the delivered substance is not cocaine. Establish both the offer and sale.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Agree/consent/offer to unlawfully sell a controlled substance."},{"text":"Then sell another substance in its place."},{"text":"Identify the represented drug/schedule for the grade."}]},"requirements":"Agree/consent/offer to unlawfully sell a covered controlled substance, then sell another substance in its place.","notes":"A completed substitute sale is part of this provision. Identify the represented drug and schedule.","keywords":"fake cocaine baking soda sold counterfeit drug substitute rock","searchPhrases":"sold baking soda as cocaine;sold fake crack;sold substitute instead of drugs","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/817.563","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0817/Sections/0817.563.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Fraudulently obtaining health care goods / services","citation":"F.S. 817.50(1)","section":"817.50(1)","categories":["Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Obtaining or attempting health care goods or services with willful intent to defraud.","plainEnglish":"Using deliberate deception to obtain health care can qualify. Receiving emergency treatment or being unable to pay the resulting bill alone does not establish fraud.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Obtain/attempt to obtain goods/services from a covered health care provider."},{"text":"Willful conduct."},{"text":"Intent to defraud the provider."}]},"requirements":"Willfully obtain/attempt goods or services from a covered health care provider with intent to defraud.","notes":"An unpaid medical bill or inability to pay alone is insufficient. Separate public-health-emergency false-report alternative exists.","keywords":"hospital medical health care fraud false identity treatment bill","searchPhrases":"false identity to defraud hospital;fraudulently obtained medical services;health care service fraud","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/817.50","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0817/Sections/0817.50.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"False / fraudulent insurance claim","citation":"F.S. 817.234(1)(a), (11)","section":"817.234(1)(a), (11)","categories":["Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"F3 below $20,000; F2 $20,000-$99,999.99; F1 $100,000+","summary":"Materially false claim information supplied or prepared to defraud an insurer.","plainEnglish":"Inventing a loss or knowingly lying about an important claim fact can be insurance fraud. A mistaken estimate or disagreement over coverage is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Present or prepare for presentation a covered insurance claim statement."},{"text":"Know material information is false/incomplete/misleading."},{"text":"Intent to injure, defraud or deceive the insurer."}]},"requirements":"Intent to injure/defraud/deceive insurer; knowingly material false/incomplete/misleading claim statement presented or prepared for presentation.","notes":"Determine property value under subsection (11). Accidental error and good-faith disputes differ; other subsections have specific alternatives.","keywords":"insurance claim staged loss false damage insurer fraud","searchPhrases":"fake insurance claim;claimed damage that never happened;fraudulent insurance loss","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/817.234","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0817/Sections/0817.234.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Filing a false property lien / deed / instrument","citation":"F.S. 817.535(2)-(5)","section":"817.535(2)-(5)","categories":["Fraud \u0026 identity","Property damage \u0026 fire"],"grade":"F3 base; F2/F1 reclassifications apply","summary":"Recording a materially false property instrument with intent to defraud or harass.","plainEnglish":"Recording a fake deed or bogus lien to cheat or harass a property owner can qualify. An ordinary ownership dispute or paperwork mistake is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"File/direct official recording of a covered property instrument."},{"text":"It contains a materially false/fictitious/fraudulent representation."},{"text":"It purports to affect the owner’s property interest."},{"text":"Intent to defraud or harass another."}]},"requirements":"File/direct filing in an official record of an instrument containing a material false/fictitious/fraudulent representation purporting to affect property ownership interest; fraudulent/harassing intent.","notes":"Verify actual recording, materiality and intent. Repeats, protected owner, supervised status and financial loss affect grade.","keywords":"false lien forged deed property record title house mortgage fraud","searchPhrases":"recorded fake deed;filed fraudulent property lien;bogus lien to harass owner","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/817.535","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0817/Sections/0817.535.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Aiding an escape","citation":"F.S. 843.12","section":"843.12","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Knowingly helping a person escape lawful custody or assisting after escape.","plainEnglish":"Helping someone get away from lawful custody can be a separate offense, including knowingly helping after an escape. Mere friendship with the person is not enough.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Person is escaping, attempting escape or already escaped from someone with or entitled to lawful custody."},{"text":"Knowingly aid/assist that person in the covered escape circumstances."}]},"requirements":"Knowingly aid/assist a person escaping, attempting escape or already escaped from someone with or entitled to lawful custody.","notes":"Establish lawful custody and knowing assistance; mere association is insufficient.","keywords":"help escape prisoner custody getaway unlock handcuffs assist","searchPhrases":"helped prisoner escape;unlocked cuffs to help escape;assisted escaped inmate","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/843.12","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0843/Sections/0843.12.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Escape / attempted escape from confinement","citation":"F.S. 944.40","section":"944.40","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"Second-degree felony","summary":"A prisoner escaping or attempting escape from covered confinement or transport.","plainEnglish":"A prisoner who escapes or tries to escape covered confinement or transport may commit this felony. Running from an ordinary police encounter is a different legal question.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Accused is a prisoner in covered confinement, furlough, road work or transport."},{"text":"Escape/attempt escape from that confinement under 944.40."}]},"requirements":"Prisoner in covered prison/jail/facility/furlough/road work or transport to/from confinement; escape/attempt from such confinement.","notes":"Confirm prisoner and custody status. Flight from an encounter is not automatically escape; case law defines custody boundaries.","keywords":"prisoner inmate escape jail transport fled custody","searchPhrases":"inmate escaped jail;prisoner escaped during transport;attempted escape from confinement","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/944.40","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0900-0999/0944/Sections/0944.40.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Denying an injured crime victim medical care to obstruct","citation":"F.S. 843.21","section":"843.21","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice","Battery \u0026 injury"],"grade":"F3 condition worsens; F2 death contribution/result","summary":"Controlling an injured victim and withholding care to obstruct investigation, causing specified harm.","plainEnglish":"Keeping a crime victim from medical treatment to hide the crime can qualify when the deprivation worsens the injury or contributes to death. Those consequences matter.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Take custody/control of someone known injured by criminal activity."},{"text":"Deprive that person of medical care."},{"text":"Intent to avoid/delay/hinder/obstruct investigation of that criminal activity."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"The deprivation worsens the victim’s medical condition."},{"text":"The deprivation contributes to or results in death."}]}]},"requirements":"Custody/control of person known injured by crime; deprive medical care intending investigative obstruction; resulting worsened condition or death contribution/result.","notes":"Establish control, obstructive intent and medical causation; absence of aid alone does not establish this offense.","keywords":"denied medical care injured crime victim cover up wound hospital","searchPhrases":"withheld medical care to hide crime;blocked hospital treatment to obstruct investigation;denied injured victim care","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/843.21","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0843/Sections/0843.21.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"County jail contraband","citation":"F.S. 951.22","section":"951.22","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice","Drugs","Weapons"],"grade":"M1 or F3 by article and alternative","summary":"Unauthorized introduction, possession or transfer of listed detention-facility contraband.","plainEnglish":"Items allowed outside jail may be prohibited inside it. The article, location, authorization and way it was introduced determine the applicable alternative and grade.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Covered county detention facility/inmate context applies."},{"text":"Article is one specifically listed as contraband."},{"text":"Perform the particular unauthorized possession/introduction/transfer/removal act."},{"text":"Apply article-specific secure-perimeter and mental-state requirements; check authorized channels and exceptions."}]},"requirements":"Apply listed article and act: unauthorized introduction/possession on county facility grounds, inmate transfer, removal or sending; phone/vape alternatives require specified secure-perimeter introduction.","notes":"Drugs, weapons, escape aids and phones have felony alternatives; other listed articles generally M1. Check authorization and legal-correspondence exception.","keywords":"jail detention contraband smuggle inmate drugs phone weapon tobacco cocaine heroin fentanyl cannabis pills","searchPhrases":"smuggled drugs into county jail;cell phone smuggled into jail;county jail contraband","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/951.22","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0900-0999/0951/Sections/0951.22.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Harassing a neighborhood crime watch member","citation":"F.S. 843.20","section":"843.20","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice","Threats \u0026 assault"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Willfully harassing, threatening or intimidating a qualifying crime-watch member.","plainEnglish":"Threatening a neighborhood-watch member can fall under this provision when tied to the covered program activity or investigation. A neighborhood disagreement alone is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Victim is an identifiable member of a neighborhood crime watch program."},{"text":"The required organized-activity/travel or designated-investigation connection exists."},{"text":"Willfully harass, threaten or intimidate; harassment uses its statutory course-of-conduct definition."}]},"requirements":"Identifiable member engaged in/traveling to/from organized crime-watch activity, or participating in officer-designated ongoing investigation; willful harassment/threat/intimidation.","notes":"Harassment requires a distressing course of conduct with no legitimate purpose. Confirm program and activity connection.","keywords":"neighborhood watch crimewatch member intimidation threats patrol","searchPhrases":"threatened neighborhood watch member on patrol;intimidated crime watch volunteer;crimewatch harassment","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/843.20","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0843/Sections/0843.20.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Huffing / inhalant abuse","citation":"F.S. 877.111(1)-(3)","section":"877.111(1)-(3)","categories":["Drugs","Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Second-degree misdemeanor; nitrous alternative differs","summary":"Using or possessing covered chemicals to become intoxicated, or supplying for that purpose.","plainEnglish":"Breathing a covered chemical to get high can be an offense even when the product has lawful household uses. Possessing it for its ordinary lawful use is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Inhale/ingest or possess intending to breathe/inhale/drink a covered chemical."},{"text":"Purpose to induce intoxication or distorted senses."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Possess/buy/sell/transfer a covered chemical."},{"text":"Purpose to induce/aid another’s prohibited inhalation/ingestion."}]}]},"requirements":"Inhale/ingest or possess intending inhalation/ingestion of listed/similar chemical for intoxication/distorted senses; alternatively covered supply to induce/aid that conduct.","notes":"Medical-use exception. More than 16 grams of nitrous oxide has a distinct felony alternative and lawful-use exemptions; review subsection (4).","keywords":"huffing inhalant glue aerosol solvent duster nitrous whippets","searchPhrases":"huffing glue;inhaling solvent to get high;huffing aerosol","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/877.111","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0877/Sections/0877.111.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Breaking / tampering with vending machine to steal","citation":"F.S. 877.08(3)-(4)","section":"877.08(3)-(4)","categories":["Theft \u0026 robbery","Property damage \u0026 fire"],"grade":"M2 first; F3 subsequent violation","summary":"Tampering with another’s coin-operated vending machine or parking meter with theft intent.","plainEnglish":"Prying open a vending machine to steal its contents can qualify under this specific law. Damaging it for some other reason is a different offense analysis.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Machine is another’s covered coin-operated vending machine or parking meter."},{"text":"Perform one of the listed tampering, entry or damaging acts."},{"text":"Intent to commit larceny."}]},"requirements":"Molest/open/break/injure/damage or insert body part/instrument into another’s covered machine/meter with intent to commit larceny.","notes":"Establish theft intent and machine type. Damage without that intent may instead implicate criminal mischief.","keywords":"vending machine parking meter coins break pry theft","searchPhrases":"pried vending machine to steal coins;broke parking meter for money;vending machine theft","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/877.08","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0877/Sections/0877.08.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Fire bomb possession / manufacture with destructive intent","citation":"F.S. 806.111","section":"806.111","categories":["Property damage \u0026 fire","Weapons"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Handling a defined fire bomb with intent that it unlawfully damage property.","plainEnglish":"Having or transporting a qualifying fire bomb can be criminal before it is ignited when there is intent to use it to unlawfully damage property.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Device meets the statutory fire-bomb definition."},{"text":"Possess/manufacture/transport/dispose of it."},{"text":"Intent that it be willfully and unlawfully used to damage property by fire/explosion."}]},"requirements":"Possess/manufacture/transport/dispose of defined fire bomb intending willful unlawful fire/explosion damage to structure/property.","notes":"Commercial lighting/heating/cooking devices excluded; authorized official uses excepted. Intent and statutory device definition matter.","keywords":"molotov cocktail firebomb incendiary bottle wick","searchPhrases":"molotov cocktail intended to burn property;transported fire bomb;firebomb possession","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/806.111","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0806/Sections/0806.111.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Laser directed at vehicle / vessel / aircraft operator","citation":"F.S. 784.062(3)","section":"784.062(3)","categories":["Threats \u0026 assault","Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Weapons"],"grade":"F3 base; F2 resulting bodily injury","summary":"Knowingly directing a laser beam onto a person operating a vehicle, vessel or aircraft.","plainEnglish":"Aiming a laser onto a pilot, driver or boat operator can qualify. Establish that the beam was knowingly directed onto the operator, rather than just seeing a light nearby.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Knowingly and willfully shine/point/focus a laser-device beam."},{"text":"Onto an individual operating a motor vehicle, vessel or aircraft."}]},"requirements":"Knowingly and willfully shine/point/focus a laser-lighting-device beam on a person operating a motor vehicle, vessel or aircraft; injury changes grade.","notes":"Subsection (2) concerning an officer is a separate noncriminal alternative. Do not classify every laser-pointer incident as this felony.","keywords":"laser aircraft helicopter pilot driver boat laser pointer","searchPhrases":"laser aimed at pilot;laser pointed at helicopter pilot;laser shone on driver","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/784.062","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0784/Sections/0784.062.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Vehicle with altered / removed VIN","citation":"F.S. 319.33(1)(d), (6)","section":"319.33(1)(d), (6)","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Theft \u0026 robbery"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Knowingly possessing or dealing with a vehicle or major part bearing a defaced identification number.","plainEnglish":"Knowingly holding or selling a vehicle with a tampered identifying number can be a felony. Confirm the number’s condition, knowledge and any lawful replacement or exception.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Covered vehicle/mobile home/major part has a manufacturer/state motor/VIN number destroyed, removed, covered, altered or defaced."},{"text":"Know that condition."},{"text":"Possess/sell/offer/conceal/dispose of it under 319.33(1)(d); review the statutory exception."}]},"requirements":"Possess/sell/offer/conceal/dispose of covered vehicle/mobile home/major part with manufacturer/state motor or vehicle number destroyed/removed/covered/altered/defaced, knowing that condition.","notes":"Check 319.30(4) exception. Legitimate state-assigned replacements differ.","keywords":"vin vehicle identification number removed scratched altered plate","searchPhrases":"car with vin removed;vehicle identification number scratched off;knowingly possessed altered vin car","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/319.33","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0319/Sections/0319.33.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Vehicle title / ownership document fraud","citation":"F.S. 319.33(1)(a)-(c), (e), (2)-(6)","section":"319.33(1)(a)-(c), (e), (2)-(6)","categories":["Traffic \u0026 vehicles","Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Forgery, knowing misuse or qualifying fraud involving vehicle ownership documents.","plainEnglish":"Forging a vehicle title or knowingly using a fake ownership document can qualify. Identify the deliberate false act rather than treating every title problem as criminal.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Vehicle/mobile-home title or other covered ownership document is involved."},{"text":"Perform the specific forgery, knowing misuse, fraudulent application or other act in the selected 319.33 subsection."},{"text":"Establish that subsection’s knowledge or fraudulent intent."}]},"requirements":"Match forged/altered title, knowing use, stolen-vehicle title, fraudulent application, or other specified ownership-document act and its mental state.","notes":"Use the precise subsection; late title transfer or an honest clerical mistake is not automatically fraud.","keywords":"fake forged car title vehicle bill sale ownership document fraud","searchPhrases":"forged car title;fake vehicle bill of sale;fraudulent vehicle title application","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/319.33","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0319/Sections/0319.33.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Trespass on school grounds / facilities","citation":"F.S. 810.097","section":"810.097","categories":["Schools \u0026 juveniles","Burglary \u0026 trespass"],"grade":"M2 base; M1 after covered leave/no-entry direction","summary":"Entering or remaining on school property without qualifying authorization or after a covered direction.","plainEnglish":"Someone without a legitimate reason or permission to be at a covered school may commit trespass. Returning after a principal’s qualifying direction has a different grade.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Enter/remain on a covered school campus/facility."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"No legitimate business, authorization, license or invitation."},{"text":"Currently suspended/expelled student."}]}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Principal/designee directs the person to leave or not enter."},{"text":"Person then enters/remains on the covered campus/facility."}]}]},"requirements":"No legitimate business/authorization/invitation, or currently suspended/expelled student, enters/remains on school facility; alternatively entry/remain after principal/designee’s direction to leave/not enter.","notes":"Check statutory school definition, authority and arrest provisions. Ordinary attendance and public invitations differ.","keywords":"school campus trespass expelled suspended student principal leave","searchPhrases":"expelled student returned to school;refused principals direction to leave campus;school trespass","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/810.097","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0810/Sections/0810.097.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"False information in felony / missing-person investigation","citation":"F.S. 837.055","section":"837.055","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"M1 base; F3 specified missing-child harm alternative","summary":"Knowingly misleading an officer during a covered investigation.","plainEnglish":"Deliberately lying to derail a felony or missing-person investigation can qualify. It does not make every mistaken statement or refusal to answer this offense.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Officer is conducting a felony or missing-person investigation."},{"text":"Knowingly and willfully give false information."},{"text":"Intent to mislead the officer or impede that investigation."}]},"requirements":"Knowingly/willfully give false information in felony or missing-person investigation intending to mislead officer or impede investigation.","notes":"F3 alternative concerns missing child 16 or younger suffering specified serious harm/death. Silence and an innocent error differ.","keywords":"lie detective felony missing person investigation false information obstruction","searchPhrases":"lied to detective to obstruct felony investigation;false information missing person;misled missing child investigation","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/837.055","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0837/Sections/0837.055.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Threats / coercive harassment of protected officials","citation":"F.S. 836.12(2)-(3)","section":"836.12(2)-(3)","categories":["Threats \u0026 assault","Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"M1 base; F3 repeat threat alternative","summary":"Specified threats or coercive harassment involving covered officials and certain family members.","plainEnglish":"Knowingly threatening a covered official or family member with death or serious injury can qualify. The harassment alternative requires an intent to coerce the official about lawful duties.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Victim is a listed official or covered family member."},{"text":"Knowingly/willfully threaten death or serious bodily harm."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Victim holds a listed official role."},{"text":"Knowingly/willfully harass."},{"text":"Intent to intimidate/coerce performance or nonperformance of a lawful duty."}]}]},"requirements":"Knowing/willful death/serious-harm threat to listed official or family; alternatively harassment of listed official intending coercion/intimidation about lawful duty.","notes":"Confirm listed role and mental state; protected criticism alone is insufficient. Threat repeat provision differs from harassment.","keywords":"threat kill officer judge firefighter prosecutor official harassment coercion","searchPhrases":"threatened to kill police officer;threatened judge with serious harm;harassed official to coerce lawful duty","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/836.12","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0836/Sections/0836.12.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Tampering with a court-ordered electronic monitor","citation":"F.S. 843.23","section":"843.23","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"F3/F2/F1 by monitored charge; under-18 offender F3","summary":"Unauthorized intentional interference with required electronic location monitoring.","plainEnglish":"Cutting off a required ankle monitor or deliberately defeating it can be a separate felony. A dead battery or technical failure alone does not establish intentional interference.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Monitor is required by court or Commission on Offender Review order."},{"text":"Act intentionally and without authority."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Remove/destroy/alter/tamper/damage or affirmatively circumvent operation."},{"text":"Request/authorize/solicit someone to do so."}]}]},"requirements":"Intentionally without authority alter/remove/damage or affirmatively circumvent court/Commission-required monitor, or request/authorize/solicit such interference.","notes":"Grade depends on monitored person’s charge/sentence; under-18 offender exception. Review pretrial-release provision. Accidental malfunction alone differs.","keywords":"ankle monitor bracelet cut gps electronic monitor tamper court ordered","searchPhrases":"cut off ankle monitor;tampered court ordered gps bracelet;defeated electronic monitoring","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/843.23","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0843/Sections/0843.23.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Payment card skimming device / fraudulent scanning","citation":"F.S. 817.625(2)","section":"817.625(2)","categories":["Fraud \u0026 identity","Cyber \u0026 privacy"],"grade":"F3 base; F2 repeated fraudulent use","summary":"Fraudulent scanning/reencoding, or knowing possession/sale/delivery of a defined skimmer.","plainEnglish":"A device built to capture payment-card data can be illegal to knowingly possess. Fraudulently copying card data is another alternative; a normal card reader is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Use a covered scanning/skimming device or reencoder."},{"text":"Access/copy/reencode card information without authorized-user permission."},{"text":"Intent to defraud user, issuer or merchant."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Device meets the statutory skimmer definition."},{"text":"Knowingly possess/sell/deliver it, subject to official-duty/security exceptions."}]}]},"requirements":"Unauthorized card-data scanning/reencoding with fraud intent, or knowing possession/sale/delivery of a statutory skimming device.","notes":"Ordinary payment terminals are not automatically skimmers. Official-duty/security-investigator exceptions apply to possession alternative.","keywords":"skimmer skimming card reader gas pump atm reencoder clone","searchPhrases":"credit card skimmer on gas pump;atm skimming device;payment card reencoder;copied card data with scanner","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/817.625","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0817/Sections/0817.625.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Bribery of / by a public servant","citation":"F.S. 838.015","section":"838.015","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice","Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"Second-degree felony","summary":"Unauthorized benefits offered or sought to influence covered official action.","plainEnglish":"Offering cash to influence an officer’s official action can be bribery even if the officer refuses. A benefit alone without the prohibited influence purpose is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"A benefit not authorized by law is involved."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Knowingly/intentionally give, offer or promise it to a public servant."},{"text":"As public servant, knowingly/intentionally request, solicit, accept or agree to accept it."}]},{"text":"Intent to influence a covered official act/omission under 838.015."}]},"requirements":"Knowingly/intentionally offer/give/promise, or as public servant request/accept/agreed benefit not authorized by law, intending influence over covered official act/omission.","notes":"Completion of the desired official action is not required. Establish benefit, official connection and intent.","keywords":"bribe bribery payoff officer official cash ticket","searchPhrases":"offered officer cash to drop ticket;public official bribe;paid official for favor;paid official to change decision","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/838.015","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0838/Sections/0838.015.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Harm / threat to corrupt public-servant duties","citation":"F.S. 838.021","section":"838.021","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice","Threats \u0026 assault"],"grade":"F3 threat; F2 unlawful harm","summary":"Harm or threatened harm intended to influence covered official duties.","plainEnglish":"Threatening to hurt an official to force an official decision can qualify. The link to influencing official duties is an additional requirement.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Harm or threaten unlawful harm to a public servant or other covered person."},{"text":"Intent to influence an official act/omission, or induce influence on another public servant, as specified."}]},"requirements":"Harm/threaten public servant or covered person with intent to influence specified official act/omission or cause influence on another servant.","notes":"A generic threat is not automatically this corruption offense; the official-influence intent matters.","keywords":"threat public servant official influence decision hurt coercion","searchPhrases":"threatened official to change decision;hurt public servant to influence duty","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/838.021","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0838/Sections/0838.021.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Perjury outside an official proceeding","citation":"F.S. 837.012","section":"837.012","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Materially false statements under oath outside an official proceeding.","plainEnglish":"A deliberately false material statement under a valid oath can be perjury even outside court. An ordinary unsworn statement is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Make a statement under oath outside an official proceeding."},{"text":"It concerns a material matter."},{"text":"Speaker does not believe it true."}]},"requirements":"Make statement under oath, outside official proceeding, about material matter, not believing it true.","notes":"An unsworn lie is different. Review oath authority, materiality and recantation provisions.","keywords":"perjury false sworn affidavit oath unofficial notarized","searchPhrases":"lied in sworn affidavit outside court;false notarized affidavit oath","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/837.012","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0837/Sections/0837.012.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"False written official statement","citation":"F.S. 837.06","section":"837.06","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice","Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"Second-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Knowing written falsehood intended to mislead a public servant performing duty.","plainEnglish":"A knowing lie in writing can qualify when intended to mislead an official doing their job. An honest error on a form is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Make a false statement in writing."},{"text":"Know it is false."},{"text":"Intent to mislead a public servant performing official duty."}]},"requirements":"Knowingly make false statement in writing with intent to mislead a public servant in official duty.","notes":"Not every oral lie or inaccurate form qualifies. Establish written content, knowledge and intended official effect.","keywords":"written false statement government official form lie public servant","searchPhrases":"false written statement to public servant;lied on government form to mislead","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/837.06","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0837/Sections/0837.06.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Disguise with intent to obstruct law","citation":"F.S. 843.03","section":"843.03","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Using a disguise with the specific unlawful obstruction or intimidation purpose.","plainEnglish":"A disguise becomes relevant here when used with the specified obstruction purpose. Simply wearing a mask does not establish this offense.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Disguise oneself."},{"text":"Intent to obstruct execution of law or intimidate/hinder/interrupt a covered lawful duty or exercise of rights."}]},"requirements":"Disguise oneself intending to obstruct execution of law or intimidate/hinder/interrupt covered lawful duty or rights.","notes":"A mask alone is insufficient. Medical, religious, expressive and ordinary lawful uses do not establish criminal intent.","keywords":"disguise mask concealed identity obstruct legal duty","searchPhrases":"disguised to obstruct lawful duty;mask to hinder execution of law","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/843.03","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0843/Sections/0843.03.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Misleading use of official badge / authority insignia","citation":"F.S. 843.085(1)","section":"843.085(1)","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Unauthorized official-looking insignia displayed with intent to mislead about authority.","plainEnglish":"Displaying a badge to falsely suggest official authority can qualify without every act required for impersonation. A lawful collection or authorized display is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Wear/display insignia, imitation or authority wording covered by subsection (1)."},{"text":"Intent to mislead about agency membership or authority to display/wear it."},{"text":"No applicable agency authorization, appointment or exhibit exception."}]},"requirements":"Wear/display covered badge, insignia, uniform, ID or listed authority wording intending to mislead about agency membership or display authority; apply authorization/exhibit exceptions.","notes":"Different from acting as an officer under 843.08. Ordinary collection, authorized display and protected uses require review.","keywords":"fake badge uniform police insignia misleading authority display","searchPhrases":"flashed fake police badge to mislead;unauthorized official insignia display","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/843.085","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0843/Sections/0843.085.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Concealed handcuff key possession","citation":"F.S. 843.021","section":"843.021","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Possessing a handcuff-unlocking device concealed with intent to prevent discovery.","plainEnglish":"The statute covers a handcuff key hidden in a way indicating intent to prevent discovery. Read the disclosure and other defenses; ordinary visible keys are different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Possess a key/tool/device used, designed or intended to unlock/remove handcuffs."},{"text":"Carry it in a manner indicating intent to prevent discovery by a law enforcement officer."}]},"requirements":"Possess a statutory handcuff key carried in manner indicating intent to prevent officer discovery.","notes":"Current subsection (2) does not require custody as an element. Immediate effective disclosure on custody and listed occupational defenses require review.","keywords":"hidden handcuff key cuff key taped clothing concealed","searchPhrases":"handcuff key hidden in shoe;concealed cuff key;taped handcuff key","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/843.021","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0843/Sections/0843.021.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Retaliation against witness / victim / informant","citation":"F.S. 914.23","section":"914.23","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice","Threats \u0026 assault"],"grade":"F2 resulting bodily injury; otherwise F3","summary":"Harm, damage or threats in retaliation for covered testimony or reporting.","plainEnglish":"Hurting or threatening someone because they testified or supplied covered information can be retaliation. Establish that reason for the conduct, not just a dispute between witnesses.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Knowingly cause/threaten bodily injury or tangible-property damage, or attempt covered conduct."},{"text":"Intent to retaliate for testimony/attendance/evidence in an official proceeding or covered information supplied to law enforcement."}]},"requirements":"Knowingly cause/threaten bodily injury or tangible-property damage, or attempt covered conduct, intending retaliation for covered proceeding participation or information to law enforcement.","notes":"Distinguish influencing future cooperation from retaliation for prior participation. Establish protected activity and retaliatory intent.","keywords":"retaliation revenge witness snitch testimony informant damage","searchPhrases":"attacked witness for testifying;damaged car because victim reported crime;retaliation snitch","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/914.23","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0900-0999/0914/Sections/0914.23.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Tampering with a court official","citation":"F.S. 918.12(1)","section":"918.12(1)","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"F3 through life felony by affected proceeding","summary":"Prohibited influence directed at obstruction of justice or outcome of a proceeding.","plainEnglish":"Trying to corrupt a court official’s handling of a case through the listed means can qualify. A completed change in the outcome is not the only issue.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Knowingly use intimidation/force, a threat/attempt, misleading conduct or a pecuniary benefit offer."},{"text":"Intent to induce a court official to obstruct justice or affect an official investigation/proceeding outcome."}]},"requirements":"Knowingly use covered force/intimidation/threat/misleading conduct/benefit intending to induce a court official to obstruct justice or affect investigation/proceeding outcome.","notes":"Identify protected court role and affected proceeding for grade. Attorney-duty exception applies.","keywords":"tamper court official juror bribe intimidate verdict","searchPhrases":"bribed court official to change verdict;intimidated juror to affect outcome","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/918.12","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0900-0999/0918/Sections/0918.12.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Harassing a court official","citation":"F.S. 918.12(2)","section":"918.12(2)","categories":["Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"M1 through F1/life by affected proceeding","summary":"Intentional harassment interfering with the listed court-official functions.","plainEnglish":"Harassing a court official to interfere with the listed court functions can qualify. Mere criticism does not establish the required harassment and interference.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Intentionally harass a court official."},{"text":"Thereby hinder/delay/prevent/dissuade, or attempt to, attendance, fair verdict or judge-directed juror behavior/deliberation."}]},"requirements":"Intentionally harass court official and thereby hinder/delay/prevent/dissuade or attempt interference with attendance, fair verdict or judge-directed juror behavior/deliberation.","notes":"Proceeding type/level changes grade. Distinguish ordinary criticism and attorney performance of duties.","keywords":"harass juror court official deliberation attendance verdict","searchPhrases":"harassed juror to prevent attendance;harassed juror during deliberations","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/918.12","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0900-0999/0918/Sections/0918.12.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Actual destructive device: possession / use","citation":"F.S. 790.161","section":"790.161","categories":["Weapons","Property damage \u0026 fire"],"grade":"F3 base; F2/F1/capital by intent/result","summary":"Willfully and unlawfully handling or using a statutory destructive device.","plainEnglish":"A real device meeting the explosive-device definition can be criminal to possess before detonation. A harmless imitation and a verbal threat have separate statutory references.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Device meets the statutory destructive-device definition."},{"text":"Willfully and unlawfully make/possess/throw/project/place/discharge it or attempt a listed act."}]},"requirements":"Willfully/unlawfully make, possess, throw, project, place or discharge, or attempt a listed act involving, a statutory destructive device.","notes":"Different from hoax bombs or threats alone. Device definition, authorization, harmful intent, disruption and resulting harm affect analysis/grade.","keywords":"actual explosive bomb destructive device possession pipe bomb","searchPhrases":"possessed actual pipe bomb;made explosive destructive device;real bomb","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/790.161","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.161.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Unlawful firearm transfer to a minor","citation":"F.S. 790.17(2)","section":"790.17(2)","categories":["Weapons","Children \u0026 vulnerable adults"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Knowingly or willfully transferring/selling a firearm to a minor outside the exception.","plainEnglish":"Selling or transferring a firearm to someone under 18 can qualify. The statute has a parental-permission ownership exception with separate possession rules, so the details matter.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Recipient is under 18."},{"text":"Knowingly or willfully sell/transfer a firearm."},{"text":"The parent/guardian-permitted ownership-transfer exception does not authorize the transaction."}]},"requirements":"Knowingly/willfully sell/transfer firearm to person under 18; review permitted ownership transfer with parent/guardian permission and parent possession requirement.","notes":"Not an absolute ban on all gifts of firearm ownership to minors. Compare minor possession exceptions under 790.22.","keywords":"sold gun minor teenager transfer firearm child","searchPhrases":"sold handgun to 16 year old;unlawful firearm transfer minor","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/790.17","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.17.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Chemical spray / stun weapon used against officer","citation":"F.S. 790.054","section":"790.054","categories":["Weapons","Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Knowing and willful use of specified self-defense devices against an on-duty officer.","plainEnglish":"Using pepper spray or a covered stun weapon against an officer performing duties can be a separate felony. Carrying such a device alone is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Use a chemical spray/stun/electric weapon or device covered by 790.054."},{"text":"Against a law enforcement officer performing duties."},{"text":"Knowingly and willfully act."}]},"requirements":"Knowingly/willfully use covered chemical spray, stun gun, electric weapon/device or dart-firing stun gun against officer performing duty.","notes":"Establish device, officer status, duty and knowing use. Mere possession is different.","keywords":"pepper spray mace taser stun gun officer sprayed tased","searchPhrases":"pepper sprayed police officer;tased officer on duty;mace against officer","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/790.054","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.054.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Interference with railroad track / equipment","citation":"F.S. 860.09","section":"860.09","categories":["Property damage \u0026 fire","Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Knowing or willful interference with covered railroad operating equipment.","plainEnglish":"Tampering with a train switch or obstructing covered railroad equipment can qualify. Being near a railway does not by itself establish interference.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Equipment is used in railroad operations and is on covered railroad property/right-of-way."},{"text":"Knowingly/willfully move, interfere with, remove or obstruct it."},{"text":"No authorized railroad-duty exclusion applies."}]},"requirements":"Knowingly/willfully move/interfere/remove/obstruct railroad switch, bridge, track, ties or other operational equipment on railroad property/right-of-way.","notes":"Authorized railroad employee/agent acting in duty excluded. Mere presence near tracks is different.","keywords":"railroad train track switch obstruction ties sabotage","searchPhrases":"tampered railroad switch;obstructed train tracks;removed railroad ties","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/860.09","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0860/Sections/0860.09.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Reckless operation of a vessel","citation":"F.S. 327.33(1)","section":"327.33(1)","categories":["Marine","Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"M2 base; M1 damage/injury crash; F3 serious-injury crash","summary":"Willful or wanton dangerous vessel operation or covered towed-device manipulation.","plainEnglish":"Dangerous boating can be criminal when it shows willful or wanton disregard for safety. Ordinary careless operation has a different noncriminal alternative.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Operate a vessel or manipulate a covered towed device."},{"text":"Willful or wanton disregard for persons/property."},{"text":"Speed/manner creates the danger or likely harm specified by subsection (1)."}]},"requirements":"Operate vessel or manipulate covered water skis/aquaplane/similar device with willful/wanton disregard for safety at speed/in manner creating specified danger.","notes":"Different from noncriminal careless operation. Crash/resulting damage or serious injury affects grade.","keywords":"reckless boat jetski dangerous boating waterski vessel","searchPhrases":"reckless boat operation;dangerous jetski disregard safety;reckless waterski","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/327.33","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0327/Sections/0327.33.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Leaving boating accident scene","citation":"F.S. 327.30(5)","section":"327.30(5)","categories":["Marine"],"grade":"M2 property; F3 injury; F2 serious injury; F1 death","summary":"Vessel operator leaving a covered accident without required aid, identification and reporting.","plainEnglish":"A boat operator has duties after a collision. Leaving without the required assistance and follow-up can be criminal; damage or injury determines the applicable grade.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Operate a vessel involved in a covered accident/injury."},{"text":"Leave the scene without complying with the applicable aid, affected-person/owner-location and reporting duties."}]},"requirements":"Operate vessel involved in accident/injury; leave without required aid, reasonable effort to locate affected owner/persons and required law-enforcement notification/compliance.","notes":"Identify precise duty and result. Review practical assistance limits and accident/reporting provisions.","keywords":"boat crash hit run fled boating collision scene","searchPhrases":"boat hit and run;fled boating collision without aid;left vessel accident","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/327.30","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0327/Sections/0327.30.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Criminal refusal of boating breath / urine test","citation":"F.S. 327.359","section":"327.359","categories":["Marine","Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Refusal meeting the prior-refusal, lawful-request and warning requirements.","plainEnglish":"A boating test refusal becomes this crime only when the listed prior history and procedural conditions are also met. It is not automatically a crime every time a boater refuses.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Covered probable cause and lawful arrest, unless the listed arrest exception applies."},{"text":"Qualifying prior refusal fine or license suspension."},{"text":"Required $500-fine warning AND prior-refusal criminal warning."},{"text":"After those warnings, refuse the covered lawful breath/urine test request."}]},"requirements":"Covered refusal plus qualifying prior 327.35215 fine or refusal suspension; probable cause, lawful arrest unless exception, both statutory warnings, then refusal when lawfully requested.","notes":"First refusal alone does not meet this criminal provision. Verify records and every warning/request condition.","keywords":"bui breath urine test refusal prior boating fine suspension","searchPhrases":"bui repeat breath test refusal;boat test refusal prior suspension","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/327.359","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0327/Sections/0327.359.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Child under six left unattended in vehicle","citation":"F.S. 316.6135","section":"316.6135","categories":["Children \u0026 vulnerable adults","Traffic \u0026 vehicles"],"grade":"Civil / criminal: M2 time; traffic other; F3 specified harm","summary":"Responsible person leaving a young child unattended under listed vehicle conditions.","plainEnglish":"The child’s age, responsible person, time and conditions all matter. The time-based misdemeanor and short-duration traffic alternative have different grades; serious resulting harm changes the analysis.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Person is parent/guardian or otherwise responsible for the child."},{"text":"Child is younger than six."},{"text":"Child is unattended/unsupervised in a motor vehicle."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"More than 15 minutes: misdemeanor route."},{"text":"Any time with running motor, health danger or apparent distress: traffic route."}]}]},"requirements":"Responsible person; child under six; unattended/unsupervised in vehicle over 15 minutes OR any time with running motor, danger or distress. Resulting specified serious harm adds felony alternative.","notes":"Over-15-minute route is M2; running/danger/distress route alone is traffic infraction. Other child-abuse/neglect law may apply independently.","keywords":"child baby unattended hot car motor running fifteen minutes","searchPhrases":"baby left alone in hot car;child unattended vehicle over fifteen minutes","entryType":"Mixed","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.6135","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.6135.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Failure / prevention of child abuse hotline reporting","citation":"F.S. 39.205(1)","section":"39.205(1)","categories":["Children \u0026 vulnerable adults","Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Knowing and willful failure to make a required child-abuse report or prevention of another report.","plainEnglish":"Someone who knowingly and willfully fails a required child-abuse hotline report, or prevents another from reporting, can violate this law. Establish the reporting trigger and duty.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Facts trigger the applicable child-abuse/abandonment/neglect reporting obligation."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Knowingly and willfully fail the required hotline report."},{"text":"Knowingly and willfully prevent another person from reporting."}]}]},"requirements":"Known/suspected child abuse, abandonment or neglect; knowingly/willfully fail required central-hotline report or prevent another reporting under 39.205(1) and 39.201.","notes":"Establish reporting duty/trigger and statutory exceptions. Judicial disciplinary provision differs. Mere disagreement with allegations does not establish willful failure.","keywords":"child abuse hotline mandatory report failed prevented dcf","searchPhrases":"knowingly failed child abuse hotline report;prevented report to dcf hotline","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/39.205","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0000-0099/0039/Sections/0039.205.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Sexual offender registration / reporting violation","citation":"F.S. 943.0435(9)","section":"943.0435(9)","categories":["Sexual offenses","Officers \u0026 justice"],"grade":"Third-degree felony under (9)(a); verify alternative","summary":"Failure to comply with a specific applicable registration/reporting duty.","plainEnglish":"A registered-offender violation requires more than finding an outdated address. Identify the person’s actual legal duty, deadline, failure and required knowledge from records and current law.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Person is subject to 943.0435 and the particular duty applies."},{"text":"Identify the exact registration/reporting duty and its deadline."},{"text":"Establish noncompliance and required mental state; knowing falsity for false-information route."}]},"requirements":"Person is a statutory sexual offender subject to the relevant duty; identify exact report/registration requirement and deadline, noncompliance and legally required knowledge; false-information route requires knowing falsity.","notes":"Registration status alone is insufficient. Verify underlying records, relief/exemptions, notice, exact duty, deadline and controlling mental-state law.","keywords":"sex offender failed register moved address registration report","searchPhrases":"sex offender failed address report;sexual offender failed reregister","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/943.0435","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0900-0999/0943/Sections/0943.0435.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Unlicensed construction contracting","citation":"F.S. 489.127(1)(f), (2)","section":"489.127(1)(f), (2)","categories":["Fraud \u0026 identity","Property damage \u0026 fire"],"grade":"M1 base; F3 repeat/emergency alternatives","summary":"Contracting or advertising covered construction work without required certification/registration.","plainEnglish":"Doing or advertising construction work that requires a contractor license can be an offense when the person lacks the required credential. Not every handyman job requires the same license.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Work/advertising falls within the statutory contractor business/capacity."},{"text":"Engage/act/advertise availability for that work."},{"text":"Lack required certification/registration and no statutory exemption applies."}]},"requirements":"Engage in business/act as contractor or advertise availability for that role without required certification/registration; establish covered contractor scope and lack of exemption.","notes":"Business tax receipt is not a contractor license. Check scope, DBPR records, exemptions, prior finding and emergency period.","keywords":"unlicensed contractor construction roofing remodeling license advertising","searchPhrases":"unlicensed roofer contracting;advertised construction without contractor license","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/489.127","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0400-0499/0489/Sections/0489.127.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Maintaining an unlawful gambling house","citation":"F.S. 849.01","section":"849.01","categories":["Public order \u0026 alcohol","Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"Second-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Keeping or controlling covered premises/equipment for unlawful gambling.","plainEnglish":"Running a place for prohibited gambling can qualify separately from playing. Authorized gaming and specific social-game exceptions need review.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Keep/maintain covered premises or gaming equipment."},{"text":"Purpose is unlawful gambling."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Control/manage a place."},{"text":"Procure/allow prohibited play for money or value."}]}]},"requirements":"Keep/maintain covered gambling premises/equipment for gambling, or in controlled premises procure/allow gambling for money/value, under the statute.","notes":"Check authorized gaming and applicable exceptions, including relevant penny-ante rules. Ordinary games alone are insufficient.","keywords":"gambling house illegal casino gaming room operator","searchPhrases":"operated illegal gambling house;ran unlawful casino room","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/849.01","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0849/Sections/0849.01.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Unlawful gambling for money / value","citation":"F.S. 849.08","section":"849.08","categories":["Public order \u0026 alcohol"],"grade":"Second-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Participating in prohibited games of chance for money or value.","plainEnglish":"Playing a prohibited chance game for money can qualify. The type of game and lawful gaming exceptions matter; this is not a blanket rule against every social card game.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Play/engage in a covered game of chance."},{"text":"For money or another thing of value."},{"text":"No applicable lawful-gaming or statutory exception."}]},"requirements":"Play/engage in a covered game of chance for money or other value; apply current authorized-gaming and statutory exceptions.","notes":"Not every card game or wager is unlawful. Review lawful gaming, penny-ante and other applicable provisions.","keywords":"gambling roulette keno game chance money wager","searchPhrases":"unlawful roulette gambling for money;illegal game of chance wager","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/849.08","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0849/Sections/0849.08.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Operating / promoting an unlawful lottery","citation":"F.S. 849.09(1)(a)-(d), (2)","section":"849.09(1)(a)-(d), (2)","categories":["Public order \u0026 alcohol","Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"Third-degree felony for listed operating alternatives","summary":"Setting up, conducting, promoting or assisting an unauthorized lottery.","plainEnglish":"Operating an unauthorized lottery can qualify. A lawful state lottery or exempt drawing is different, and buying a ticket is not the same operating alternative.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Activity meets the prohibited lottery requirements."},{"text":"Perform an operating/promoting/conducting/assisting act in (1)(a)-(d)."},{"text":"No applicable lottery/drawing/bingo authorization or exception."}]},"requirements":"Operate/promote/conduct or perform another listed (a)-(d) act involving a prohibited lottery for money/value.","notes":"Verify lottery elements, authorized state lottery, lawful drawing/bingo and other exceptions. Ticket-possession alternatives have different grades.","keywords":"illegal lottery numbers drawing bolita promote operate","searchPhrases":"ran illegal lottery drawing;operated bolita lottery;promoted unlawful lottery","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/849.09","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0849/Sections/0849.09.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Killing / maiming horse or covered cattle","citation":"F.S. 828.125(1)","section":"828.125(1)","categories":["Animals \u0026 environment"],"grade":"Second-degree felony","summary":"Willful unlawful killing or specified serious harm to a horse or covered cattle.","plainEnglish":"Willfully and unlawfully killing or severely injuring a horse or the covered cattle can be this felony. The animal classification and serious harm matter.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Animal is a horse (Equus) or covered registered cattle breed/hybrid (Bos)."},{"text":"Willfully and unlawfully kill, maim, mutilate, cause great bodily harm or permanent breeding disability."}]},"requirements":"Animal is genus Equus or covered registered breed/hybrid of Bos; willfully/unlawfully kill, maim, mutilate or cause listed serious harm/breeding disability.","notes":"Horse branch is not restricted to registered horses. Verify cattle classification and applicable lawful conduct.","keywords":"horse cattle kill maim mutilate breeding disability livestock","searchPhrases":"unlawfully killed horse;maimed registered cattle","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/828.125","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0828/Sections/0828.125.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Theft of an intimate image with intent to promote","citation":"F.S. 836.14(2)","section":"836.14(2)","categories":["Cyber \u0026 privacy","Theft \u0026 robbery","Sexual offenses"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Stealing a qualifying sexually explicit image with intent to promote it.","plainEnglish":"Stealing a qualifying intimate image intending to share or otherwise promote it can be a separate offense. Having a consensually received image is a different starting point.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Image is a statutory sexually explicit image of an identifiable person."},{"text":"Establish theft of the image under 812.014."},{"text":"Intent to promote it under the statutory definition."}]},"requirements":"Theft under 812.014 of a statutory sexually explicit image; intent to promote that image.","notes":"Different from sexual cyberharassment or later promotion alternatives. Establish theft, image definition and promotion intent.","keywords":"stole stolen nude intimate image intent share promote","searchPhrases":"stole nude photos to distribute;theft intimate image to promote","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/836.14","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0836/Sections/0836.14.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Trade secret theft / trafficking","citation":"F.S. 812.081(2)-(4)","section":"812.081(2)-(4)","categories":["Theft \u0026 robbery","Fraud \u0026 identity","Cyber \u0026 privacy"],"grade":"F3 theft; F2 trafficking; foreign-benefit reclassification","summary":"Unauthorized taking/use or trafficking in a statutory trade secret.","plainEnglish":"Stealing a genuinely protected business secret can qualify. Calling a document confidential does not by itself make it a statutory trade secret.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Information meets statutory trade-secret definition and protection measures."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Willfully obtain/use/endeavor without authorization."},{"text":"Intent to deprive owner’s control/benefit or appropriate to someone not entitled."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Traffic/endeavor to traffic in it."},{"text":"Know or should know its unauthorized acquisition/use."}]}]}]},"requirements":"Willful unauthorized obtain/use/endeavor with deprivation/appropriation intent; or traffic/endeavor knowing/should know secret was obtained/used without authorization.","notes":"Establish actual trade-secret status and protection measures. Confidential reporting/investigation and sealed-filing exceptions apply.","keywords":"trade secret stolen formula company confidential process trafficking","searchPhrases":"stole protected business formula;trafficked stolen trade secret","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/812.081","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0812/Sections/0812.081.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Fraudulent urine drug test / cheating device","citation":"F.S. 817.565","section":"817.565","categories":["Drugs","Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"First-degree misdemeanor","summary":"Willful cheating of a lawful urine drug test or supply of intended cheating products.","plainEnglish":"Trying to pass off a fake urine sample can qualify when it is meant to cheat a lawfully administered drug test. Ordinary product possession alone is different.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Urine drug test is lawfully administered."},{"text":"Willfully defraud or attempt to defraud it."}]},{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Willfully manufacture/advertise/sell/distribute substance/device."},{"text":"It is intended to cheat a lawfully administered urine drug test."}]}]},"requirements":"Willfully defraud/attempt a lawful urine substance test; alternatively manufacture/advertise/sell/distribute substance/device intended to defraud such a test.","notes":"Ordinary product possession alone is not the listed supply offense. Establish lawful test and fraudulent purpose.","keywords":"fake urine synthetic pee drug test cheating sample device","searchPhrases":"fake urine to cheat drug test;swapped urine sample;drug test cheating device","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/817.565","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0817/Sections/0817.565.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Imitation controlled substance manufacture / distribution","citation":"F.S. 817.564(3)","section":"817.564(3)","categories":["Drugs","Fraud \u0026 identity"],"grade":"Third-degree felony","summary":"Manufacturing, distributing or holding for distribution a defined imitation drug.","plainEnglish":"Distributing a substance designed or represented to meet the statutory imitation-drug definition can qualify without an actual controlled drug. Simple possession alone does not meet this route.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Substance meets the statutory imitation-controlled-substance definition."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Manufacture/distribute/sell/give it."},{"text":"Possess it intending manufacture/distribution/sale/gift."}]}]},"requirements":"Substance meets imitation-controlled-substance definition; manufacture/distribute/sell/give or possess intending those acts.","notes":"Simple possession alone is insufficient under (3). Compare sale-in-lieu under 817.563 and placebo/authorized-investigation exceptions.","keywords":"imitation drug fake pills manufacture distribute noncontrolled","searchPhrases":"manufactured imitation controlled pills;possessed imitation drugs for distribution","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/817.564","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0817/Sections/0817.564.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"},{"title":"Forged prescription for a noncontrolled medicinal drug","citation":"F.S. 831.30","section":"831.30","categories":["Fraud \u0026 identity","Drugs"],"grade":"M2 first; M1 subsequent conviction","summary":"Prescription forgery or knowing presentation intended to obtain a noncontrolled medicinal drug.","plainEnglish":"A fake prescription intended to obtain a noncontrolled medicine can be criminal. Controlled-drug prescriptions use different law, so identify the medication first.","elementsChecklist":{"operator":"ALL","label":"","items":[{"text":"Prescription concerns a medicinal drug not controlled by chapter 893."},{"operator":"ANY","label":"","items":[{"text":"Falsely make/alter/forge it."},{"text":"Knowingly cause it to be forged."},{"text":"Knowingly pass/present the false prescription as true."}]},{"text":"Intent to obtain that drug."}]},"requirements":"Falsely make/alter/forge, knowingly cause forgery, or knowingly present as true a covered prescription, intending to obtain a medicinal drug not controlled by chapter 893.","notes":"Controlled-drug prescription fraud belongs under other provisions. Verify drug status and required knowledge/intent.","keywords":"forged fake prescription noncontrolled medicinal drug pharmacy","searchPhrases":"forged antibiotic prescription;fake prescription noncontrolled medicine","entryType":"Criminal","coverage":"Editorial summary","applicability":"Florida; statutory location and activity requirements apply","source":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/831.30","alternateSource":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute\u0026StatuteYear=2026\u0026URL=0800-0899/0831/Sections/0831.30.html","sourceChecked":"2026-10-19","jurisdiction":"Florida","reviewStatus":"Editorial summary; agency legal review pending"}]}